它是大多数程序间非查询式通信的必要构件。

It is a necessary building block for most non-query communication between programs.

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程序在编写时必须要显式地利用底层硬件的优点，如果现有的非并行程序不能很好地在集群上运行，那么这些程序必须重新进行编写。

Programs must be written to explicitly take advantage of the underlying hardware, and existing non-parallel programs must be re-written if they are to perform well on a cluster.

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它提供了过程序和函数式编程的灵活组合，并引入了自动重新编写公式的非确定性方法。

It offers a flexible combination of both procedural and functional programming and introduces a nondeterministic method for the automatic rewriting of formulae.

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