电磁无损检测钢轨踏面硬度中，检测信号对提离效应极其敏感，所以必须对提离效应加以抑制。
Testing signal is very sensitive to the lift off effect in the hardness nondestructive testing of rail surface by electromagnetic method, so lift off effect must be restrained.
不同的车轮踏面形状与同一钢轨匹配时具有不同的轮轨接触几何关系，影响车辆的动力学性能。
The wheel-rail contact geometry relationship is different when different wheel tread shape matches the same rail, which will influence the dynamic performance of the vehicle.
一个主要原因是车轮在钢轨上由于制动滑动产生的脆性马氏体所导致的踏面热损伤和蠕变。
One of important reasons is that the generation of brittle martensite due to brake sliding of wheels on rails leads to tread damage and its creep.
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