与经典保密通信不同的是，量子密码学不是基于大数分解的复杂性，而是基于量子力学的原理。同时，量子密码也是不依赖于计算机系统的计算能力的。

Rather than depending on the complexity of factoring large numbers, quantum cryptography is based on the rules of physics and is also independent of the processing power of computing systems.

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