正确的方法是他们将它看成一场竞争,要么自己直接将衍生产品曝光,要么因过度进行不利对冲交易而拖欠公司几十亿。
They rightly see it as a race between them getting their derivative exposure straight, and owing billions on defaulting companies to which they are overexposed because of ill-hedged swaps.
即是强行对银行持有的外汇衍生品设定上限,因为银行倾向于通过从国外过度举债以对冲那些市场风险。
It imposed ceilings on Banks' holdings of foreign-exchange derivatives, because the Banks tend to hedge those positions by borrowing too much from abroad.
他们也没有过度依赖金融市场或衍生品——幸运的是,当时尚未发明。
Nor did they depend on an excessive deference to financial markets or to derivatives, which had mercifully not been invented.
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