在分析了有效区间的问题之后，论文开始讨论讨价还价的过程，并把这个过程划分为两个不同的阶段：信息交换阶段、讨价还价阶段。

After the effective interval is analyzed, the dissertation moves on to the bargaining process, which is divided into two different stages, information exchanging and bargaining.

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20世纪中叶时，伊利莎白·罗丝观察到人们难过的五个阶段—否认、愤怒、讨价还价、沮丧，接纳—然后去做。

Back in the mid-twentieth century, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified the five stages of grief - denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance - and they stuck.

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这可能带来一种有趣的结果，即第二阶段的内容服务提供商会在谈判开始前就努力降低自己的讨价还价能力。

This will bring out an interesting outcome, i. e. content service provider in the second stage contracting will try to reduce its own bargaining power before the beginning of negotiation.

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