石化还可能同时涉及将死亡的动植物的原有物质与不同成分的矿物质进行交换的作用。
Petrifaction may also involve a simultaneous exchange of the original substance of a dead plant or animal with mineral matter of a different composition.
比如，矮人的短小身材可能是受高死亡率地区的群体早生早育影响而产生的副作用，而不是自身的适应性。
For instance, the short stature of pygmies could be a side effect of selection for early childbearing in populations where mortality is high, rather than an adaptation in itself.
科学家们在一项对1300多个家庭的研究中发现了这些基因。 虽然还不清楚在形成阿尔茨海默症过程中这些基因起到的确切作用，但研究者认为，它们很可能导致了神经细胞的死亡。
The genes emerged from a study of over 1, 300 families, and although the genes' exact role in Alzheimer's isn't known yet, researchers think they may contribute to the death of nerve cells.
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