针对博弈结果的帕累托无效性，本文引入定价函数，使博弈结果有了明显的帕累托改进。

For the Pareto inefficiency of the outcome of the game, this paper introduce pricing function, so the outcome of the game have an obviously Pareto improvement.

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此模型运用对事后中间利润的分配取代事前对收购价格的讨价还价，避免了后者可能出现的帕累托改进所带来的契约的无效。

The model makes use of ex post profit-sharing to take place of ex ante bargaining to avoid the unavailability of contracts due to ex post Pareto change.

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