格泰斯认为，由于南方的奴隶制妨碍了个人自治和对物质利益的自由追求，北方的主要改革者早在19世纪30年代就反对奴隶制。

Gerteis argues that, since slavery in the South precluded individual autonomy and the free pursuit of material gain, major Northern reformers opposed it as early as the 1830s.

youdao

环境保护和消费者安全组织已经指出，有研究显示该化学物质可能会妨碍身体对雌激素的吸收，而该激素对幼儿生长至关重要。

Environmental and consumer safety groups have pointed to studies that show the chemical can interfere with how the body absorbs the hormone estrogen, which is key to the development of young bodies.

youdao

硬渣、污物或任何外部物质在管道内积累都可能妨碍阀门的工作效率并严重损坏阀门的关键部件。必须用空气或蒸气对管道内部进行彻底清洗。

Grit, dirt or any foreign matter accumulated in the pipe can hinder efficient valve operation and seriously damage vital valve parts. Thoroughly clean pipe internally with air or steam.

youdao