亦称被动扩散，是细胞内外物质最简单的一种交换方式。细胞膜两侧的物质靠浓度差进行分子扩散，不需要能量。
但对邻二甲苯异构化反应，由于反应不是单纯由反应产物扩散控制，它们的对位选择性并无明显改善。
For isomerization of o-xylene the improvement in para-selectivity has not been observed, because the reaction is not mainly controlled by the diffusion of the reaction products.
核扩散要比单纯的核弹袭击带来的长期效应坏上成千上万倍。
Spreading the nuclear around would produce thousands of times more long-lived fallout than a simple nuclear missile attack.
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