这种反对乱丢垃圾的运动的下一个问题在于它的描述性规范对其命令性规范是起反效果的。

The problem with the anti-littering campaign then is that its descriptive norm is counterproductive to its injunctive norm.

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偶然的干预去限制房价投机买卖可能会产生反效果，因为他们阻止人们去建更多的房子。

Sporadic interventions to limit house-price speculation may even be counterproductive because they discourage people from building more homes.

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因此，牛津大学的迪特尔·赫尔姆认为：与气候变化做斗争的公共参与可能会出现一种反效果：即增加的能源支出会对实现气候变化目标产生反弹。

So community engagement in the fight against climate change may have a flip side, predicts Dieter Helm of Oxford University: rising bills could prompt a backlash against climate-change goals.

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