更严重的是，椋鸟会传播既感染人类又感染家畜的疾病，每年在医疗保健上增加八亿美元的费用。
To makematters worse, starlings spread diseases that infect both humans andlivestock, costing a further $800 million a year in healthcare.
这样既消耗了有限的设计时间，又增加了系统费用。
This task can both consume critical design time and add to system costs.
增加的费用会抑制消费，减少的需求会导致价格垮掉，垮掉的价格又反过来会拉动消费。
The increase in cost could inhibit consumption, and reduced demand could lead to a fall in prices, which could in turn stimulate consumption.
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