他们通过许多信号途径将胞外刺激转导或是转化成胞内信号，包括神经递质，光，激素，脂质和蛋白质。
They transduce or convert extracellular stimuli into intracellular signals through a number of signaling pathways, including neurotransmitters, light, hormones, lipids, and proteins.
包括蛙类和人类的脊椎动物，神经与肌肉的联系是通过释放一种叫做乙酰胆碱的神经递质进行的。
In vertebrates including frogs and humans nerves communicate with muscles by releasing a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine.
通常认为原因是多方面的，包括遗传，神经递质水平改变，神经内分泌功能改变，以及心理社会因素。
They are believed to be multifactorial and involve heredity, changes in neurotransmitter levels, altered neuroendocrine function, and psychosocial factors.
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