Biochemists call it the central dogma: Genetic material, in the form of a long nucleic acid polymer called DNA, stores a digital record of every protein's design.

生物化学家将这套系统称之为中心法则(central dogma)：以长链核酸聚合物形式存在的DNA是遗传物质，它储存着每种蛋白质设计的数据记录。

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Thus, any random changes in the interior, fledgling ribozymes that could speed up nucleic acid replication rates will spread rapidly through an evolving population.

这样一来，细胞内部发生的使得核酶加速核酸复制速率的任何变化，都会在进化群体中快速扩散。

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Another nucleic acid, RNA, carries the information to a molecular machine called a ribosome, which reads the RNA and strings together amino acids to form the protein.

另一种被称之为rna的核酸负责将信息传递到名为核糖体的分子机器上，核糖体通过阅读RNA信息，并将氨基酸串联起来形成蛋白质。

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It turns out that getting large molecules like this, particularly large charged molecules like nucleic acids, inside of cells is not so easy.

后来证实,将这样的大分子物质,尤其是像核酸这样带有大量电荷的分子,送入细胞不是一件容易的事

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They would naturally hybridize and form a duplex, or a double stranded nucleic acid.

它们会自然杂交并形成双螺旋,或者说双链核酸

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They bring into proximity an amino acid so that instead of forming a new polymer of a nucleic acid, a polymer of an amino acids is formed.

同时它所携带氨基酸相互邻接,从而形成了一个氨基酸聚合物,而非核酸聚合物

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The paper was finally published in 1994 in Nucleic Acids Research, a less prominent journal.

FORBES: Innovation

He is using enzymes such as polymerases, nucleases and exonucleases that can also copy, cut and destroy nucleic-acid strands.

ECONOMIST: DNA computing

This occurs via the interaction of the nucleic acid of the exogenous viruses and the endogenous viruses which permanently occupy mammalian genomes.

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