As Mr. Milhollin has noted, there is evidence that this infrastructure is not only being used to advance nuclear-related weapons components but also the manufacture of non-nuclear parts essential to such arms.

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"The definitions of those terms -- 'mass-market status' and 'foreign availability' -- are so sweeping that they would essentially command the secretary of commerce to decontrol a tremendous amount of sensitive equipment, " said Gary Milhollin, director of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.

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