abstract:The Carbonari (charcoal burners"CARBONARI (an Italian word meaning charcoal-burners)" from the Carbonari article in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica) were groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th-century Italy. The Italian Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in Spain, France, Portugal and possibly Russia.
N-PLURAL
a secret political society with liberal republican aims, originating in S Italy about 1811 and particularly engaged in the struggle for Italian unification 烧炭党; 十九世纪意大利的革命组织,旨在统一意大利