谢瑞兹说，失去北极海面上的冰会影响每一样东西——从显而易见的，如同住在极北之地的人们和北极熊，到全球气候模式。
Losing sea ice cover in the Arctic would affect everything from the obvious, such as people who live in the far north and polar bears, to global weather patterns, said Serreze.
瑞格诺特和同事们使用卫星观测、雷达和电脑模型来研究冰雪的特性，从而探明冰架下的情况。
Rignot and colleagues used satellite observations, radar and computer models to measure features above the ice to calculate what was going on below.
瑞格诺特说，海洋是非常敏感的系统，即使是小的变化，比如风力驱动的海洋循环，也会对冰架融化产生巨大影响。
The ocean is a very sensitive system, according to Rignot, and even small shifts, like changes in ocean circulation driven by wind, can make a huge difference in ice shelf melt.
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