元明清的古文领域，如一潭死水，无重大突破。文化上独尊程朱理学，文字狱日益严苛，八股文风盛行。文人们不得不在这样严酷的文化专制下，战战兢兢地挥动手中那支脆弱的笔杆。而时至清中期，桐城派占领文坛几百年，时有“桐城文章甲天下”之美誉。自先秦诸子至唐宋八家，谁都没有在为文时一个明确的理论依据。而桐城派却高举“义法”旗帜，大行其道，为清代文坛注入一股新鲜的气息。而提出做文章所要遵循的“义法”理论第一人乃属桐城鼻祖方苞。
社会主义法治国家 socialist country based on the rule of law ; a socialist country ruled by law; a law-based socialist country ; a socialist law-based country
中国特色社会主义法律体系 the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics; the system of socialist laws with Chinese characteristics ; a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics ; a legal system with Chinese socialist characteristics ; socialist law system with Chinese characteristics
社会主义法制 socialist legal system ; the socialist legal system
社会主义法治理念 the socialist concept of rule of law; socialist idea of rule of law; socialist concept of law-based governance ; the socialist concept of law-based governance
中国特色社会主义法治体系 to build the rule of law characteristic of Chinese socialism ; the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics ; a Chinese socialist legal system
建设社会主义法治国家 Establishing a Socialist Law-Based Country ; to build the rule of law characteristic of Chinese socialism
人道主义法 international humanitarian law
社会主义法治 law-based socialist
国际人道主义法 International Humanitarian Law ; IHL
社会主义法治建设 the construction of the rule of law
他说，他们接受过广泛的人道主义法培训。
He said they have had extensive training in humanitarian law.
霍布斯是现代实证主义法学和分析法学的先驱。
Hobbes is a precursor of modern positivism and analytical jurisprudence.
发现有违反国际人道主义法的地方，必须承担起责任。
Where it is found that international humanitarian law has been violated, those responsible must be held to account.
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