因此，有必要对施行黥刑的物质基础、实施对象、施刑的起因及＂导之以刑＂所造成的精神层面影响作相应探讨。

This paper analyzed the material basis, executive object, cause of the punishment and the impact on the mental level.

youdao

因此，有必要对施行黥刑的物质基础、实施对象、施刑的起因及＂导之以刑＂所造成的精神层面影响作相应探讨。

This paper analyzed the material basis, executive object, cause of the punishment and the impact on the mental level.

youdao