泡利说在一个给定的系统内，没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。
Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum numbers identical.
总节点数等于，主量子数减1。
And our equation for total nodes is just the principle quantum number minus 1.
每一项能量，可以用某个量子数标记。
And each one of these energies, if it's a molecular energies, can be indexed by a quantum number of some sort.
有多少个轨道是，含有这两个量子数的？
How many different orbitals can you have that have those two quantum Numbers in them?
当我们说到能量时，我们只要一个量子数。
When we talked about binding energy, we just had one quantum number.
这就是第二个量子数。
这就是，3个量子数。
三个量子数和,四个量子数告诉我们的信息。
what three quantum numbers tell us, versus what the fourth quantum number can fill in for us in terms of information.
于是就化为，对所有可能的量子数的组合求和。
And so the sum over all microstates, then, becomes the sum over all possible combinations of quantum Numbers.
因为第四量子数是。
我想指出的是，现在我们有了，这3个量子数。
And I just want to point out that now we have these three quantum Numbers.
我向你们保证，这是我们最后遇到的一个量子数。
And I promise, this is the last quantum number that we'll be introducing.
它就是这个结论,能量是这四个量子数的机能显示。
The same place is that energy is a function of these four quantum numbers.
我们可以用量子数l描写一个原子的状态。
要知道，我们需要三个量子数，才能完全描述一个轨道。
Remember, we need those three quantum Numbers to completely describe the orbital.
每个电子的量子数，是不尽不同的，对于这第一个重要观点。
So each electron has a distinct set of quantum Numbers, the first important idea.
这张照片拍摄于他们发现，第四个量子数的两年后。
I think this is taken about two years after they discovered the fourth quantum number.
我们把它简称为，两个指定的量子数n和，它是半径小r的函数。
R And we abbreviate that by calling it r, l by two quantum numbers, and an l as a function of little r, radius.
因为我写了两个量子数，一样的电子，但这是在两个不同原子中啊。
He has two electrons here with the same set of quantum Numbers. B but these are two separate hydrogen atoms.
在大量子数的极限情况下，从量子力学过渡到经典力学。
In the limit of large quantum Numbers quantum mechanics goes over into classical mechanics.
这个自旋磁量子数我们把它简写成m下标s，以和m小标l有所区分。
And this spin magnetic quantum number we abbreviate as m sub s, so that's to differentiate from m sub l.
举例来说正负号只适用于附加量子数，例如电荷，而不是质量。
The sign reversal applies only to quantum numbers (properties) which are additive, such as charge, and not to mass, for example.
所以如果我们有,磁量子数m等于正负1,我们讨论的就是px或者py轨道。
So we can have, if we have the final quantum number m equal plus 1 or minus 1, we're dealing with a p x or a p y orbital.
大部分都认为，有4个不同的可能，有四个不同的电子可以有，这两个量子数。
OK, great. So, most of you recognize that there are four different possibilities of there's four different electrons that can have those two quantum Numbers.
也就是负的，E，下标是，因为它是一个,关于量子数，n，和，l，的函数。
n l So negative e, which is sub n l, because it's a function of n and l in terms of quantum numbers.
所以我们意味着，它们都是自旋向上，记住我们的自旋量子数，是第四个量子数。
So by parallel we mean - they're either both spin up remember that's our spin quantum number, that fourth quantum number.
而泡利认为在一个给定的系统内，没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。
And Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum Numbers identical.
让我们来看下一道题目,你们来告诉我,有多少个可能的轨道,含有这些量子数呢？
So let's go to a second clicker question here and try one more. So why don't you tell me how many possible orbitals you can have in a single atom that have the following two quantum numbers?
我们方程是n减去1减去，主量子数是，4，1是1，--p轨道的l是多少？,学生
l So, if we're talking about a 4 p orbital, and our equation is n minus 1 minus l, the principle quantum number is 1 4, 1 is 1 -- what is l for a p orbital?
由于两个碰撞粒子之间没有量子数的交换，因此该过程是一个单纯的绕射过程。
The process is a purely diffractive process since no quantum numbers exchange between the two colliding particles.
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