我们通过化学分析知道矿物的构成。
We know the constitution of mineral through chemical analysis.
然而，有些钻石含有硅酸盐矿物的微小包裹体，通常是橄榄石、辉石和石榴石。
However, some diamonds contain minute inclusions of silicate minerals, commonly olivine, pyroxene, and garnet.
因此，本世纪能源和矿物的实际价格已经下降了。
For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century.
原色元素是构成矿物的基本元素。
Idiochromatic elements are essential to a mineral's composition.
化学元素形成矿物的途径只有几种。
然而，提取矿物的环境成本可能很高。
The environmental cost of extracting the mineral, however, can be high.
水是这种粘土矿物的重要组成体。
随着穷国们逐渐富裕起来，对这些矿物的需求可能会激增。
Demand for all of these minerals is likely to surge as poor countries get rich.
一种用来研究偏振光下矿物的晶体结构的光学仪器，也不再被使用。
The "stauroscope", an optical instrument for studying the crystal structure of minerals under polarized light, is also no longer used.
海森博士认为，考虑矿物的进化特性是确定行星的地质演化时间的有效手段。
Dr Hazen argues that considering minerals in evolutionary terms is a powerful way to help identify how far a planet has developed geologically.
它源自矿物燃料(煤和石油)的燃烧以及对含有硫磺的矿物的冶炼。
It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulfur.
洞穴中大多充满灼热的水，因而给利用工业泵在其中进行银、锌、铅等矿物的开采增加了难度。
Much of the complex would naturally be filled with scorching water, were it not for industrial pumps that facilitate the mining of silver, zinc, lead, and other minerals in the caves.
携带黑色或白色高温矿物的海水从中以700华氏度（371摄氏度）的高温注入冰冷的海洋。
The scalding water can shoot back into the cold ocean at temperatures hotter than 700 degrees Fahrenheit (371 degrees Celsius), carrying a black or white stew of dissolved rock and chemicals.
明亮的绿色橄榄石是一种矿物的标志，这种矿物富含铁，来自于夏威夷那些缓慢流动的火山熔岩。
Bright green olivine is a significant mineral in Hawaii's slow-flowing basaltic lava and is rich in iron.
这项研究提供了一个思考矿物的更好框架——“一个不同于传统分类表之狭窄的全新角度，”他说。
The research provides a better framework in which to think about minerals--"a fresh perspective from the strictures of the traditional classification scheme," he says.
从那之后，许多研究队伍也对矿物磷灰石进行了研究，这种矿物的化学结构能够锁住月岩中的水分。
Since then, several research groups have also looked at the mineral apatite, which can lock up water in its chemical structure, in lunar rocks.
在过去的五年中，Downs和他的团队已经确定了地球4000种矿物中大约一半矿物的拉曼模式。
Over the past five years, Downs and his team have identified the Raman patterns of about half the Earth's 4, 000 minerals.
在过去的五年中，Downs和他的团队已经确定了地球4000种矿物中大约一半矿物的拉曼模式。
Over the past five years, Downs and his team have identified the Raman patterns of about half the Earth's 4,000 minerals.
令人喜悦的是，在大陆之间横卧在海底的山系里，海洋学家开始找到一些富含这些矿物的矿床（见地图）。
The excitement arose because oceanographers had started to find these mineral-rich deposits on the network of submerged mountain ranges that run along the seabed between continents (see map).
研究人员发现，这些包体的年代与锆石样本周围的变质矿物的年代相当，而与包裹它们的锆石样本年代不符。
Rather than matching the ages of the zircons, the researchers note, the ages of the inclusions matched the ages of the metamorphic minerals surrounding the zircons.
石油和矿物的储量增加了，而它们的价格却没有增加；同时，对某些原材料的需求，比如铜，并未呈指数增长。
Reserves of oil and minerals have grown; their prices have not increased; and demand for materials like copper are not exponential.
如果水是以这种方式生成的话，那么在整个太阳系内部所有无空气但表面上存在富含氧的矿物的行星上，都可能生成水。
If water is created in this way, it could happen on all airless planets throughout the inner Solar System that have oxygen-rich rocks scattered on their surfaces.
非生命物质，由于热力学和形态动力学约束，得到的自然发生的性质是丰富多彩的：矿物的硬度，金属的延展性，以及液体表面的张力。
Emergent properties arising via thermodynamic and morphodynamic constraints are abundant in non-life: the hardness of minerals; the malleability of metals; the surface tension of liquids.
罗托鲁阿(rotorua)周围是毛利人的中心地带和周边富有矿物的香槟酒色水池(见上图)的发源地，这也很容易让人相信那次斗争还在继续，因为这片奇怪，神秘而可怖的地形汩汩地流动并剧烈地翻腾着，就像某种原始时代存在的炖的一锅菜一样。
Around Rotorua a Maori heartland and home of the mineral-rimmed Champagne Pool (above) it's easy to believe the struggle continues as the eerie landscape bubbles and churns like some primordial stew.
电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。
The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.
电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。
The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.
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