同时由于生产的季节性，雇佣期在逐渐缩短，频繁的流动劳动成了劳动力供给与需求的调节方法。
At the same time, working is limited by season, the tune of employment is gradually shorten, the frequent movement of rural labor force become the adjustable method in supply and demand.
据估计目前的流动劳动人口在一亿五千人左右，这是总体人口的11.5%，较之十年前已经翻了一番。
The current number of migrant workers is estimated at 150 million, or 11.5 per cent of the population, nearly double that of 10 years ago.
南非这样对移民现状的忧怨的历史早在种族隔离政策下达之前就开始了，那时候国家通过从周边国家引进流动劳动力到矿厂或农场工作。
South Africa's fraught history with migration goes back long before apartheid, when the country imported migrant labor from surrounding countries to work in mines or on farms.
许多政府已经终止了一些针对资本、劳动力和商品跨境流动的条例。
Many governments have put an end to some regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods.
许多国家政府已终止了一些有关资本、劳动力和商品跨境流动的监管措施，但效果不佳。
Many governments have put an end to some of the regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
许多国家政府终止了一些非常必要的关于资本、劳动力和货物跨境流动的条例，但收效甚微。
Many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
在这个观点中，通过沉重的现金税、劳动税和实物税、限制流动性和各种形式的胁迫使有着农奴地位的俄国农民保持贫穷。
In this view, Russian peasants' status as serfs kept them poor through burdensome taxes in cash, in labor, and in-kind; through restrictions on mobility; and through various forms of coercion.
我认为三分之一以上的劳动人口在国内流动。
I believe more than one-third of the working population has been floating around the country.
货物、服务、劳动力和资本自由流动的壁垒在全球范围内被打破，辅以沟通手段和物流产业的显著进步。
Barriers to the free flow of goods and services, Labour and capital are being pulled down around the world, aided by huge improvements in communications and transport.
而劳动力是可流动的，于是生产率增长较慢的非贸易部门的工资也随之升高了，从而物价就会以比发达国家更快的速度增长。
Since Labour is mobile, this in turn leads to higher wages in the non-tradable sector, where productivity growth is slower, so prices rise faster than in rich countries.
对东亚地区具有关键意义的一个问题是劳动力市场的流动性及其对增长的影响。
An issue of key interest to East Asia is the mobility of labor markets - and its impact on growth.
正如这项研究和其它研究所表明的那样，这种不平衡程度将加剧未来的移民活动和其它像外包那样的劳动力流动形式。
As this and other research shows, the magnitude of imbalances is such that migration and other forms of labor mobility such as outsourcing are likely to intensify in the future.
尽管欧共体官员对劳动力流动的好处存有信念，德国和奥地利尽可能地坚持其对新成员国劳动者的限制。
Despite Eurocrats' faith in the benefits of Labour mobility, Germany and Austria have maintained restrictions on workers from new members until the last possible day.
劳动力数量、金融流动性、商品市场以及主权基金的变化反映了一个更大的变革：新兴经济大国正在崛起。
Changes in labor forces, financial liquidity, commodity markets, and sovereign funds reflect an even more significant transformation: New economic powers are on the rise.
CEA分析显示，医保的全面覆盖能够早就更健康，更具流动性，生多产的劳动力。
The CEA analysis suggests that universal coverage would lead to a healthier, more mobile and more productive workforce.
劳动生产率上升和消费偏好之间日益扩大的差距，会导致流动性过剩，从而催生泡沫。
The widening gap between the Labour productivity increase and the consumption preference leads to the excess liquidity that feeds bubbles.
劳动力流动并非零和博弈：输出方和接受方双赢，因为有新的工作被创造出来。
Labour mobility is not a zero-sum game: both senders and recipients win, as new jobs are created.
我觉得如果健康保险与雇佣关系分离我们会有更有活力的劳动力市场，如果雇主没有行政和现金流动的负担会更好的。
I think we would have a more dynamic labor market if health care were decoupled from employment, and employers would be better off if they didn't have the administrative and cash-flow burden.
不过在后来的信件里，汤森提出了一份法案，不是采用前述方案，而是通过卸下穷人肩上的“某些限制和约束”来增加劳动人民的流动性。
In later letters, however, Townshend introduced a bill in Parliamentthat would instead increase the mobility of the laboring poor by removing "certain Disabilities and Restraints" upon them.
与劳动相关的资本流动性越大，削减资本税的趋势就越会广泛开展。
Greater mobility of capital relative to Labour ensured the trend towards reduced capital taxation was broadly Shared.
最终，这些计划都失败了，它们有一个严重的弊端，这便是它们彻底的阻碍了劳动力的流动性。
And as it turned out, a lot of those plans failed catastrophically. Defined-benefit plans have a huge downside: they drastically discourage labor mobility.
流动工人——大多数是非法居民——是我国农场主和农业生产商多少代人以来的劳动力。
Migrant workers — mostly here illegally — have been the labor force of our farmers and agricultural producers for generations.
全球化在劳动力市场建设和就业岗位流动方面有什么作用？
What is the role of globalization in shaping labor markets and job mobility?
同时这种薪酬制度也有助于维护该国特有的讲究论资排辈和缺乏流动性的终身雇佣制为基础的劳动力市场。
They are also a function of a peculiar labour market with lifetime employment, a wage system based on seniority rather than performance, and little job mobility among managers.
实际上，人口流动性变差早已经成为战后美国经济的一个特征。造成这一现象的原因是劳动力衰老以及房价上涨。
Declining mobility has in fact long been a feature of the post-war American economy, thanks to the ageing of its workforce and rising rates of home ownership.
设想一下类似的劳动力全球流动是否会扩散到其他行业？
Suppose that similar global mobility of labor were to spill to other professions?
鉴于该地区的大多数国家都没有失业保险，建立帮助劳动力进行职业流动的新机制将是很重要的。
And most countries in the region don't have unemployment insurance. New mechanisms to help people as they move from one job to another will be important.
反言之，劳动力市场的不平等性也帮助了社会流动。
In a similar way, removing Labour market inequality also helps social mobility.
较为理想的规则是，允许独自开展工资议价，并为所有的劳动者在职位的流动性和稳固性之间提供一个好的平衡方式。
Ideally the rules would allow wage bargaining to take place locally and promote a good balance between job flexibility and security for all workers.
较为理想的规则是，允许独自开展工资议价，并为所有的劳动者在职位的流动性和稳固性之间提供一个好的平衡方式。
Ideally the rules would allow wage bargaining to take place locally and promote a good balance between job flexibility and security for all workers.
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