然而交通拥挤定价政策的复杂性使得传统的研究方法难以对其进行准确描述。
However, it is difficult to express exactly by conventional method because of the complexity of traffic congestion pricing problem.
交通拥挤定价政策是交通需求管理手段之一，是解决城市交通拥挤的重要方法。
Traffic congestion pricing policy is a manage means to resolve the imbalance of the supply and demand, and an effective way to reduce urban traffic congestion.
拥挤定价作为城市交通需求管理的重要组成部分，是交通经济学的核心内容之一。
Congestion pricing, an important element of TDM (Transportation Demand Management), has been key content of traffic economics.
本文仿真实现由两个过程组成：实施拥挤定价政策前仿真过程和实施拥挤定价政策后仿真过程。
The process of simulation is composed of two parts: simulation process before implement the traffic congestion pricing and simulation process after implement the traffic congestion pricing.
本文建立了多时段、多方式拥挤定价模型，并且研究了带公平因素的多时段、多方式拥挤定价模型。
This paper proposes a congestion pricing model with multi-period and multi-mode and then incorporates the multi-user dimension, in order to study the equity problem.
在考虑用户的异质性后，总体来说拥挤定价政策对交通量、拥挤费率和社会福利的影响没有大的改变。
After considering the heterogeneity of users, major impacts of congestion pricing policy on traffic and people's volume allocations, congestion toll and social welfare do not change fundamentally.
交通拥挤和污染是目前世界多数大中城市普遍面临的问题，公交优先和拥挤定价是针对该问题的有效管理措施。
Traffic congestion and pollution in many urban areas are the most serious problems facing transportation policy makers, whose effective management polices may be bus priority and congestion pricing.
——机场最让人不满之处：餐饮定价过高、让人麻木的航班延误以及过于拥挤，成为英国机场最让人不满的地方。
Top airport annoyances: Overpriced food and drink, mind numbing delays and overcrowding top the list of the UK’s airport annoyances.
并设计了基于模拟退火算法求解的优化算法。算例分析表明，基于可变公交发车频率的城市拥挤道路收费定价模型和算法能够更有效地解决道路拥挤问题。
The optimal algorithm is also designed based on the simulated annealing algorithm. A numerical example illustrates that the model and algorithm can effectively solve the problem of road congestion.
并设计了基于模拟退火算法求解的优化算法。算例分析表明，基于可变公交发车频率的城市拥挤道路收费定价模型和算法能够更有效地解决道路拥挤问题。
The optimal algorithm is also designed based on the simulated annealing algorithm. A numerical example illustrates that the model and algorithm can effectively solve the problem of road congestion.
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