抗生素抗药性不仅代价高昂，也非常危险。
Antibiotic resistance has now become a costly and dangerous problem.
贪图方便和过于懒惰在导致抗生素抗药性的原因中高居榜首。
Convenience and laziness top the list of causes of antibiotic resistance.
尽管弗莱明发出了警告，人们了解抗生素抗药性的起因，也知道怎么应对这一问题，对抗抗生素抗药性仍然困难重重。
Yet despite Fleming's warning and despite a fair understanding of the causes of resistance and how they could be dealt with, dealing with them has proved elusive.
然而，抗生素的使用仅仅是对付细菌耐药性工作的一半，另一半则是对已经有了抗药性的细菌的控制。
Antibiotic use is half of the drug-resistance equation, however. The other half is controlling the bacteria that have already developed resistance.
服用错误的抗生素也许不能生效，会导致细菌产生抗药性，并导致下次针对此类感染的治疗更困难。
Taking the wrong antibiotic might not work and can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making treatment for that type of infection more difficult the next time.
这使卫生工作者能够有的放矢，对于特别对不同药物具有抗药性的结核菌使用特定抗生素。
These allow health workers to target specific antibiotics against particular strains of tuberculosis which are resistant to different drugs.
试验证明XF- 73这种化合物在重复治疗下对MRSA有持续杀灭作用，而在过去，使用抗生素则MRSA很快就产生抗药性。
Tests showed that the XF-73 "bacteriocidal" compound continued to destroy MRSA after repeated treatment, long past the stage when it would have become resistant to antibiotics.
这都是些重要的抗生素，而新抗药性品种的细菌正逐步对它们产生抗药性。
These are important antibiotics that new drug resistant strains of bacteria have evolved to resist.
过量使用，误用，用量不当或者使用不符合标准，稀释的抗生素都会导致抗药性。
Overuse, misuse, improper dosing and the use of substandard or diluted medicines all contribute to the rise of resistance.
传统的禽类养殖场大量使用抗生素，其后果是进化出各种抗药性的寄生菌。
Conventional poultry farms use antibiotics extensively which contributes to the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
这意味着抗生素的滥用将会导致抗药性。
All that this means is that overuse of antibiotics will lead to drug resistance.
没有被抗生素完全杀死的细菌会突变并产生抗药性。
Bacteria that are not killed entirely by an antibiotic will mutate and become resistant to it.
生物膜中的细菌对抗生素的抗药性要比孤立的要强。
Bacteria in biofilms are also more resistant to antibiotics than their isolated confreres, so the new device could have other medical applications.
美国食品药品管理局（FDA）在6月份要求工厂化养殖场停止导致人类抗药性细菌感染的抗生素使用。
In June, the FDA asked factory farms to stop the routine use of antibiotics that lead to drug-resistant bacterial infections in humans.
这是一个被业内认可的具有里程碑性质的研究发现，在实验室里，MRSA没法对这种称作XF - 73的药物产生像对其他抗生素一样的抗药性。
A landmark peer-reviewed study has found that in the lab MRSA does not develop resistance to the drug, as it does to antibiotics.
“Amflora基因对抗生素产生抗药性，这让人尤为担忧。”他这样说。
"There are serious concerns about an Amflora gene that is resistant to antibiotics, " he said.
其实，手机给医院带来的最大风险在于遍布手机的细菌，其中一些细菌已经对抗生素产生了抗药性，而所有细菌都会传播到患者和医护人员身上。
Turns out the real risk cell phones present at hospitals is that they are chock full of bacteria, some of which are resistant to antibiotics, and all of which are out to get patients and caregivers.
第一，细菌过度感观抗生素时，你使得细菌有变异的可能性，并产生抗药性。
One, by overexposing bacteria to antibiotics, you give bacteria a chance to mutate and become resistant.
有点像抗生素：只有你大量服用抗生素的时候，抗药性才变成一个大问题。
So it's a bit like antibiotics: Only if you have excessive use of antibiotics, does resistance become a major problem.
现在，有的农场开始回归有机养殖，停止使用抗生素后一年，具有抗药性的病原细菌数量大为减少。
But farms that turn to organic practices including a ban on antibiotics can greatly reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria within only the first year of the change.
这种"超级病菌"能够产生名为NDM-1的酶，而NDM-1可存在于不同种类的细菌中，甚至对最强大的抗生素—碳青霉烯类抗生素也能产生抗药性。
The "superbug" make an enzyme called NDM-1, whic can exist inside different bacteria, and it makes them resistant to even the most powerful antibiotics - carbapenems.
他们周六公布已经发现细菌中的基因对8种抗生素产生抗药性。
They announced on Saturday that they have found genes in the bacteria that gave it resistance to eight classes of antibiotics.
不幸的是，之后数十年间，滥用抗生素已导致具抗药性的超级病菌出现。
Unfortunately, in the decades since then, the overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
支持在动物中使用低剂量的抗生素的人们则表示，没有明确证据表明这种做法与人类抗药性细菌感染有关。
Supporters of low-level antibiotic use in animals say there is no solid evidence linking it to drug-resistant infections in humans.
支持在动物中使用低剂量的抗生素的人们则表示，没有明确证据表明这种做法与人类抗药性细菌感染有关。
Supporters of low-level antibiotic use in animals say there is no solid evidence linking it to drug-resistant infections in humans.
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