这种超级天体如同一个引力透镜。
引力透镜现象就是光被巨大质量物体弯曲的现象。
A gravitational lens is formed when light is bent by a massive object.
但是引力透镜还从未以如此精确的方法被使用过。
But gravitational lensing had never before been used in such a precise way.
这些黑洞也是引力透镜实验潜在的探测目标。
These black holes are also potentially detectable through their lensing effects.
到目前为止，和引力透镜主要观察周围的星系团。
And so far gravitational lenses have mainly been observed around clusters of galaxies.
简要介绍了引力透镜，NFW质量分布模型的基本原理。
This article briefly introduces the basic principles of gravitational lens and NFW mass distribution model.
这种“引力透镜”足以有力地描绘一个遥远星系中某个星球的大陆和海洋。
A "gravitational lens" of this type could be powerful enough to map the continents and oceans of a planet in a distant star system.
由于气云较为庞大，所产生的引力透镜现象也就应该更为明显。
Because the gas cloud is more massive, the lensing it creates should be more pronounced.
天文学家通过一种叫做引力透镜效应的物理现象来测算星系中暗物质的质量。
Astronomers measure how much dark matter lies in galaxies by a fluke of physics called gravitational lensing.
“引力透镜已经是天文学家的工具箱里一件成熟的有竞争力的工具。”马歇尔说。
"Gravitational lensing has come of age as a competitive tool in the astrophysicist's toolkit," Marshall said.
天文学家发现“X射线估算的质量”仅有“引力透镜”方法估算的质量的十分之一。
The astronomers found an "X-ray mass" only a tenth of the mass found using the gravitational lens method.
引力透镜效应(注2)的产生是因为引力会改变光路，正如爱因斯坦提出的那样。
Gravitational lensing occurs because gravity, as Einstein showed, bends light.
他们通过各种技术绘制了大量“暗物质地图”，包括星系簇的引力透镜效应。
They've created numerous "dark matter maps" using different techniques, including gravitational lensing of galaxy clusters.
暗物质构成了大部分的总质量，并主宰了集群的引力透镜，或从光线弯曲的背景星系因引力。
The dark matter makes up most of the total mass, and dominates the gravitational lensing of the cluster, or the bending of light from background galaxies due to gravity.
这一项目的主要目标是，捕获重力微引力透镜效应，看不见的星体在背景星和地球之间穿过。
A major goal of the project is to capture gravitational microlensing events where an unseen body passes between a background star and Earth.
但仔细观察会发现许多背景上的星系都由于该星群的引力透镜的偏斜而被扩大并扭曲成怪异的长条弧状曲线。
A close inspection, however, shows that many background galaxies are strangely magnified and distorted into long curving arcs by the gravitational lens deflections of the cluster.
引力透镜公式计算所有的变量，比如距离和密度，对光何时离开背景星系以及行走了多远的距离给出更好答案。
The gravitational lens equations account for all the variables such as distance and density, and provide a better idea of when light left the background galaxy and how far it traveled.
光环的直径不仅取决于产生它的星系的远近还与引力透镜的质量有关——质量越大光就弯曲的越厉害。
The diameter of the rings depends not only on the distance to the galaxies that caused them but also on the masses of those galaxies. The more massive they are, the more the light is bent.
它们的社会可以用自己的恒星作为引力透镜，甚至可以看到我们街上路灯所发出的光芒。霍金的警告是不切题的。
Such a society could use its own star as a gravitational lens, and even see the glow from our street.
以后对于这个星系群的研究需要被用来解释关于基于用X射线数据和引力透镜估算质量的不协调问题。
Further studies of this cluster are needed to explain the lack of agreement, between mass estimates based on the X-ray data and on the gravitational lensing.
最终的进展花费了几个月的时间去证实，并且这是研究者们第一次使用一种叫做微引力透镜的新技术。
The breakthrough eventually took several months to confirm and was the first time researchers used a new technique called gravitational microlensing.
例如，当恒星发出的光经过一个星系附近，其路径会弯曲，改变恒星出现在天空中的位置——这就是所谓的引力透镜效应。
When light from a star passes near a galaxy, for example, its path bends, changing where the star appears in the sky-the so-called gravitational lensing effect.
引力透镜利用这样的一个现象：巨大的天体会扭曲它附近的时空组成物。比如，当光线经过恒星或行星附近时会发生弯曲。
Gravitational lensing takes advantage of the fact that large celestial objects such as stars or planets warp the fabric of space-time such that light rays passing nearby are bent.
引力透镜的工作原理如下：较近的大型物体如星系挡住一个远处的物体，如另一个星系时，光可以从阻挡物的旁边绕过来。
Gravitational lensing works like this: When a large nearby object like a galaxy blocks a distant object, such as another galaxy, the light can detour around the blockage.
大多数介入其中的星系就像透镜一样发挥作用，所以“引力透镜”因此得名；同时经过的光线会发生各种各样离奇的效应。
The mass of the intervening galaxy acts like a lens, hence the term, and it can have all sorts of weird effects on the light.
作为例子，这个球面代表了恒星或其他质量附近的空间是怎样弯曲的-光通过这个扭曲空间所引起的弯曲称为引力透镜效应。
The sphere, for instance, represents how space is bent around a star or other mass - light passing through this warped space bends in an effect called gravitational lensing.
在可见光图像中巨长的弧线是由于背景巨大质量星系群的引力透镜所导致的，如此巨大系统中的弧线还从没见过。
The long arcs in the optical image are caused by gravitational lensing of background galaxies by matter in the galaxy cluster, the largest system of such arcs ever found.
得益于它们的重量，MACS星系就像一个巨大的宇宙镜头，能放大，变形和弯曲经过它们的任何光，和引力透镜的效果一样。
Because of their heft, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, magnifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them - an effect known as gravitational lensing.
得益于它们的重量，MACS星系就像一个巨大的宇宙镜头，能放大，变形和弯曲经过它们的任何光，和引力透镜的效果一样。
Because of their heft, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, magnifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them - an effect known as gravitational lensing.
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