市场失灵是一个描述市场结果不是帕累托有效率状况的一般术语。
A general term describing situations in which market outcomes are not Pareto efficient.
帕累托有效是指没有哪个人的境况可以在所有其他人的境况都不变差的情况下有所改善。
Pareto efficiency means that no one can be made better off without someone becoming worse off.
虽然这是有目共睹的今天每个瓦尔拉斯均衡是帕累托有效的，这是不知道到更复杂的证明在1936年制定了亚伯拉罕沃尔德和约翰冯诺依曼在1938年。
While it is known today that every Walras equilibrium is Pareto efficient, this was not known until more complex proofs were devised in 1936 by Abraham Waldand John von Neumannin 1938.
“帕累托最优”要求一个有充分竞争的市场环境，所以，促进我国资金资源的配置效率就必须要打破垄断的局面，在银行业引入有效竞争机制。
Pareto Efficiency requires a free market , so what we can do is to break the state of monopoly and introduce effective competition to the market.
本文从地方公共品的性质和供给特点出发，分析了地方公共品有效供给的帕累托条件。
Based on the quality and supply characteristics of local public goods, this paper analyses the conditions about efficient supply of local public goods.
本文从地方公共品的性质和供给特点出发，分析了地方公共品有效供给的帕累托条件。
Based on the quality and supply characteristics of local public goods, this paper analyses the conditions about efficient supply of local public goods.
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