由工程应变推导出几何非线性的切线刚度矩阵，并给出判断分歧点与极限点的准则，最后用一数值例题说明该方法的分析过程。
The tangent stiffness matrix is obtained from the engineering strain and the principle for determining the limit point and bifurcation point is given.
工程师们计算桥梁的应变和应力。
应变模态参数和模式识别理论来源于机械工程领域，是在最近十来年才引入建筑结构中来的。
Strain mode parameter and mode identification theory originate from mechanical engineering territory. They are used to structure engineering lately.
在工程结构中使用的大部分材料最初的应力应变图是直线型的。
The initial portion of the stress-strain diagram for most materials used in engineering structures is a straight line.
在水电工程中进行这种瞬态应变监测，在国内尚属首次。
In China, it is the first to adopt such instantaneous strain monitoring for the hydropower project.
工程应力应变曲线尺寸效应可以在数值结果中找到佐证。
The present size effect law for the engineering stress-engineering strain curve is also agreement with earlier numerical results.
对供应链管理模式下的企业变革问题——企业再造工程，进行了探讨，提出供应链管理模式下的企业相应变革措施。
Probed into the enterprise change in the management model of supply chain-reengineering and put forward related changeable measures of supply chain management for enterprise.
针对工程实践中常见的桥梁问题，建立了其在自由振动下的模型，分析了其前几阶振动模态下的振形和动态应变分布。
Aimed at popular bridge in the engineering, we build a piezoelectric bridge vibration model and analyze the vibration shape and distribution of the dynamic strain.
最后总结钻孔—电测法测量钢筋混凝土柱中混凝土的孔边释放应变的关键步骤和在实际工程中应用时应该注意的事项。
In the end of the paper, the key steps to test the release strain in RC columns by boring-electrical test method and the noticeable proceeding in practical projects are summarized.
解决工程问题时，可以选择简单的参考状态，并用拟合岩石单轴受压的全过程应力应变关系曲线确定扰动因子的参数。
Simple reference states can be used to solve engineering problem. Through simulating the overall curvature of rock's stress-strain relationship under uniaxial compression, parameters are attained.
最后作者提出了用极限应变作为冻土工程稳定性判据的新观点。
Finally, a new viewpoint of adopting limited strain as the major criteria of stability in frozen soil engineering is proposed.
对混凝土应变速率敏感性的研究现状及其工程应用进行了简要的评述。
The state of the art of research on the strain rate sensitive behavior of concrete and its application in engineering are briefly reviewed.
论文通过工程实例，介绍了采用物探、动静态应变观测等方法综合研究钻孔抽水与地面变形之关系。
By the project performance, it has introduced some methods such as geophysical prospecting, dynamic and static strain observation to study the relation between drill-hole pumping and land deformation.
简要介绍了低应变反射波测桩的原理，以及影响检测桩身质量的影响因素，并介绍了在实际工程中的应用情况。
It is introduced briefly that the principles of testing piles by low-strain reflected wave, and the factors influencing the quality of pile shaft as well as its applications in actual projects.
本文以杭州湾跨海大桥北航道非通航孔桥为工程背景，对大跨度预应力混凝土箱梁锚固区混凝土的应力应变分布特征进行了分析研究。
A study of the stress and strain distribution of anchorage zone in a long span PC box girder was undertaken in the background of Hangzhou Bay Bridge project.
应变是表征工程结构健康状态的重要指标。
Structural strain is one of the important parameters of representing structural health conditions.
给出测量自由落锤的加速度换算高应变试桩的动力的简易法的基本原理、测试操作与工程应用。
The basic principle of simple high strain pile test method transformed from measured free fall of drop hammer is given in this paper.
桩基低应变动力反射波法检测，以其特有的优势在工程中得以广泛应用。
The measuring of dynamic reflected waves for low strain of pile base has been applied.
结合工程检测实践论述了高应变动力测试技术在钢管桩检测中的应用，并对高应变动力测试技术的实际应用进行了探讨。
Based on engineering detection test, the application of high strain dynamic method in steel pile dynamic test is expounded. And the actual application of high strain dynamic testing is discussed.
低应变反射波法作为一种桩身结构完整性检测的基桩动测法，在我国被广泛应用于工程实践中。
As one of the dynamic testing methods for structural integrity of pile shaft, it is widely used in the engineering project in our country.
为了更加真实地反映岩土体材料的特性，以某深基坑土钉加固工程为背景，建立相应的应变软化模型。
In order to reflect the characteristics of geotechnical material more exactly, the strain-softening model was built based on the engineering background of one deep foundation reinforced by soil nail.
因此泄洪坝段的应力应变状态是工程成败的主要控制因素之一。
As a result, the stress - strain of spillway block is an essential control factor to the project's success.
土的平面应变是岩土工程中常见的状态，其中零应变方向的主应力是十分复杂的。
Plane strain state is familiar in geotechnical engineering, and estimating the principal stress in the plane strain state is very complicated.
尽管低应变反射波法日益得到了工程界的肯定及大力推广，但该方法也有其局限性，尚有许多问题没有解决。
Though it has been gradually accepted and actively promoted by the Engineering Field, the low-strain reflection wave method still has its limitations and a lot of problems have not been solved yet.
提出了计算碳纤维布滞后应变的两种简化计算方法，以便于工程应用。
Two simplified calculation methods for calculating the post-strain of carbon fibre cloth are given for application in engineering project.
给出了应变传感器进行应变测量时的温度补偿公式与工程实施方案。
The formula of temperature compensation and the project of construction during strain measuring are presented.
通过工程实例分析，论述了反射波法低应变动载检测的原理和在桩基础工程现场检测中的应用。
According to the analysis of engineering example, the paper discussed the principle of reflected wave method and its application for detecting quality of low strain pile foundation.
简要介绍低应变法检测桩基完整性的原理，通过工程实例剖析，对现场操作和室内分析过程中的要点谈几点体会和见解。
It briefly introduces the theory of low strain dynamic testing of pile. Then according to examples, it expresses a view for the operation in site and analysis indoor.
通过实际工程的低应变桩基动测，发现打入桩的波速随时间提高。
Low strain dynamic testing on actual pile was conducted to investigate if the wave velocity is varied in the installed pre-cast pile.
通过实际工程的低应变桩基动测，发现打入桩的波速随时间提高。
Low strain dynamic testing on actual pile was conducted to investigate if the wave velocity is varied in the installed pre-cast pile.
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