另一个反对派团体“行动救援组织”一直在巴西农业地区组织基层支持活动，以激起消费者对（转基因农作物）合法化的反对情绪。
Another opposition group, ActionAid, has been organizing grass-roots support in Brazilian farming regions to rouse consumer sentiment against legalization.
研究发现，孕期中遭到虐待的母亲生下糖皮质激素受体基因被甲基化的幼儿的可能性要比其他母亲高出得多。
They found that women abused during pregnancy were significantly more likely than others to have a child with methylated glucocorticoid-receptor genes.
但这种机制尚不完善：“如果你审视肿瘤，它们往往具备整体低甲基化，但某些基因却超甲基化，”萨皮恩扎说。
But the mechanism isn't perfect: "If you look at tumors, they tend to have hypomethylation overall, but hypermethylation in some genes," Sapienza says.
Allylix已经通过提取檀香树相关酶的基因，已经能够产业化复制生产檀香了。
Allylix has duplicated the smell of sandalwood industrially, by extracting the genes for the relevant enzymes from sandalwood trees.
但是瑞辉公司预计将于2011年将胆固清生产“基因”化，因此，静观瑞辉能否研制一种新药来代替胆固清将是一件很有趣的事。
But Lipitor is set to go "generic" in 2011; it will be interesting to see if Pfizer will come up with another drug in place of this one.
然而，直到现在，还没人曾将可视化技术应用到观察哺乳动物细胞的单个基因上。
Until now, however, no one had applied the visualization technique to observing a single gene in mammalian cells.
他接着说，医药行业现在越来也专业化，基因测试不仅用于诊断疾病，也用于决定什么样的药物更适合什么样的病人。
He said that medicine was becoming more personalized, with genetic tests used not only to diagnose diseases but to determine which medicine was best for which patient.
其他不确定因素，例如人的生活方式和环境，也是致病原因之一，这也使得提取基因角色的工作更加复杂化。
Other variables, such as a person's lifestyle and environment, are also part of the equation and make extracting the role of genes more complex.
他发现，人类中，一个人的基因多样化水平能够惊人精确地预测他们如何能够在寄生虫和传染病中生存下来。
He finds that in humans, an individual's level of genetic diversity can predict with astonishing accuracy how likely they are to survive parasites and infectious disease.
如果这些区域变成甲基化，它往往压制有关的基因转录。
If these areas become methylated, it tends to suppress transcription of the gene in question.
通过可视化单个基因层面的转录过程，研究人员能够得出人类自身促进剂和病毒性促进剂之间转录机制的不同之处。
By visualizing the process at the level of a single gene, the researchers were able to work out the different mechanics of transcription between the human and viral promoter.
至于哪个更可能是原因他并没能做出预测，但是他说许多东西如基因突变也能导致甲基化的缺陷，这也可能导致不育。
He didn't speculate as to which is the more likely culprit, but said that many things, such as gene mutations, could cause defects in methylation that might result in infertility.
它们也具有基因多样化，来确保老鼠死于不同的方法，这就要求任何潜在抗衰老药物有一个真正的广泛影响。
They were also genetically diverse, ensuring that mice would die in many different ways, and requiring any potential anti-aging drug to have a truly broad effect.
而且，新的生物技术和基因工程作物的生产和商业化几乎完全掌握在私营部门手中。
And production and commercialization of new biotechnologies and genetically engineered crops is almost entirely in the hands of the private sector.
通过对一组平均年龄为97岁的人的研究，研究人员发现这些长寿者均遗传了一种看似能防止细胞老龄化的基因。
Researchers studying a group of people with an average age of 97 found they had all inherited a gene that appears to prevent cells ageing.
斯兹夫博士表示，这一差别意味着自杀组的基因过甲基化并非整体差异，而像是对一些特定情况的反应，比如说童年所遭受的虐待。
This suggests that the hypermethylation in the suicide group was not just a general difference, says Dr Szyf, but rather a response to something specific, such as abuse suffered in childhood.
有人曾构想过个性化医疗的时代，医生根据每个人的基因组成制定相应的治疗方案。
There was talk of an era of “personalised medicine” in which treatments would be tailored to an individual's genetic make-up.
最初读人类基因或许还可以由猴子机械化地来做，可是到了解读结果的时候，则需要人类能够聚集的最好的头脑。
Reading the human genome in the first place may, indeed, have been work for mechanical monkeys. Interpreting the result will require the finest minds that humanity can muster.
以前的哺乳动物细胞基因转录可视化方法存在一个主要问题，那就是需要向细胞注入上百个特别标记的基因。
The chief problem with previous methods for visualizing transcription in mammalian cells is that these require researchers to blast cells with hundreds of copies of the specially tagged gene.
英国的40名患者参加了一项持续研究，在这项研究中，他们人生中的很多方面都被记录下来，研究者们观察了他们基因甲基化的差异。
In 40 research patients in the UK that are participating in an ongoing study that has documented many aspects of their lives, researchers looked at differences in gene methylation.
基于患者的个体基因而量身定作的治疗方法，即个性化医疗的时代已经到来。
A new era of personalized medicine has dawned, with medical therapies tailored to individual patients based on their own genes.
自动化dna分析在诸如染色体作图，基因组测序以及DNA、RNA与蛋白质互作这类领域的应用潜力巨大。
Automated DNA synthesis has been essential in such fields as chromosome mapping, genomic sequencing and the study of interactions between DNA, RNA and proteins.
粮农组织在其报告中指出，除在中国之外，迄今世界上已商业化的所有基因工程作物均由私营公司开发。
All of the genetically engineered crops that have been commercialized in the world to date, with the exception of those in China, have been developed by private firms, notes FAO in its report.
作为对比，大脑的另一部分、与情绪无关的小脑，它里面基因的甲基化水平在两组中并无差异。
In another part of the brain, the cerebellum, however, which is not involved in mood, there were no differences in the levels of methylation between the two groups.
如果你观察普通人群，调查多少比例的人有[胰岛素类生长因子2基因编码甲基化的缺陷]，大概是百分之5。
If you look in the normal population and ask what fraction of people have [a defect in methylation in the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor 2] it's about 5 percent.
两家公司表示，他们希望为北美和澳大利亚市场开发一个高产转基因小麦，但最初的商业化可能在2020年后的某个时间实现。
The companies said they hope to develop a yield enhanced biotech wheat for North American and Australian markets, but initial commercialization will occur sometime after 2020.
两家公司表示，他们希望为北美和澳大利亚市场开发一个高产转基因小麦，但最初的商业化可能在2020年后的某个时间实现。
The companies said they hope to develop a yield enhanced biotech wheat for North American and Australian markets, but initial commercialization will occur sometime after 2020.
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