IPO发行总成本与间接发行成本的研究结论基本一致。
The results of IPO total offering costs are basically consistent with indirect offering costs.
报纸的价格仅能偿付纸张和发行成本，内容则是免费奉送。
Newspaper prices barely cover the physical cost of paper and delivery; the content is thrown in for free.
优化国债发行成本的关键在于降低国债二级市场偏高的收益率，优化国债期限结构。
The key to optimize the cost of bond issue lies on the lowering of the high return rate of the second market of government bond and the optimization of its term structure.
具有代表性的债务期限理论有代理成本假说、信息不对称假说、税负假说、期限匹配假说和发行成本假说等。
Typically, there are agency cost hypothesis, information asymmetry hypotheses, tax hypotheses, maturity matching theory and floatation cost hypothesis.
互联网的兴起对媒体公司而言是巨大的利好：它们的市场得以拓展，发行成本得以降低，并且有了提供新产品和新服务的机会。
The rise of the Web promised great upside for media companies: expanding markets, declining distribution costs, the chance to offer new products and services.
若这些债券保险商失去了最高的信用评级，他们担心很多债券发行商将面临更高的发行成本，这使得这些发行商难以生存。
Were the monolines to lose their top-notch ratings, they fear, many issuers could struggle to meet higher funding costs.
一部大片的发行宣传会抬高影片的最终成本。
The promotion of a big release can inflate a film's final cost.
一旦大型发行机构合并，芯片成本应该就会下降。
Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.
报商突然发现他们可以降低生产成本，提高质量，发行新产品。
Papers suddenly found they could cut the cost of production, improve quality and launch new products.
然而在在互相争斗的风景背后，两份报纸的老板正在商讨如何在一些领域内共同合作，例如讨论如何努力在发行时降低成本。
Yet behind the scenes executives from both papers are talking about working together in some areas, such as distribution, in an effort to slash costs.
传统出版与发行渠道的瓶颈和成本结构将被排除，而且先前被动的消费者将变成作者、主动合作者和内容创作者。
The bottlenecks and cost structure of conventional publishing and distribution channels are removed, and previously passive consumers become authors, active collaborators, and content creators.
用欧洲债券部分替换国家级别债务可能在债券发行的同时能够为面对偿付困境的国家减少债务偿付的边际成本。
The partial substitution of national debt with European bonds might reduce the marginal debt-service cost for distressed countries while they are being issued.
举债成本上升意味着他们在未来几年发行数千亿新债券的计划难以进行。
Their rising cost of borrowing bodes ill for their plans to issue hundreds of billions in new bonds in the coming years.
自2003年以来，举债的税后成本已经比发行股票，甚至是在更昂贵的高收益市场上发行股票的成本要低很多。
Since 2003, the after-tax cost of raising debt has been much lower than the cost of issuing shares, even in the more expensive high-yield market.
因此，联合债券发行能够提升欧元作为储备货币的地位，也能降低所有参与国家的借贷成本。
A joint bond issue could thus enhance the euro's standing as a reserve currency, as well as lowering borrowing costs for all countries that took part in it.
虽然信息技术使复制内容并在世界范围内发行成为可能，而且几乎没有成本，但关于重用保留版权的资料的法律规章却阻碍进步。
While information technology makes it possible to multiply and distribute content worldwide and almost at no cost, legal restrictions on the reuse of copyright material hamper progress.
这个发行版能够降低多少成本？
What is the cost reduction associated with this distribution?
对发行者来说，有资产抵押证券的成本要比筹集无担保债务低的多，同时它的发行不依赖于证券市场的复苏。
For issuers, the costs of funding are lower than raising unsecured debt, and issuance does not depend on the revival of the securitisation markets.
信用卡发行商也应使用平直的英语解释其条款和术语，向消费者通告使用其信用卡的成本。
Card issuers will also be obliged to explain their terms in plain English and inform customers about the cost of using their CARDS.
因此，发行商的困难还可能来源于漏算开发成本。
Failure to control development costs may also have contributed to the publishers’ woes.
比如交运印刷品到各零售店的拉加代尔分销部门，有固定成本，因此对报纸与杂志发行量暴跌有直接的敞口风险。
Lagardere's distribution division, for example, which ships printed material out to retail stores, has fixed costs and direct exposure to tumbling newspaper and magazine circulation.
斯万博格赚钱过活的模式是保持极低的制作成本和采用数码渠道发行。
By keeping his costs down and distributing digitally, Mr Swanberg is making a living.
但这样的补贴额将极不菲，而且，平面媒体还不得不继续维持成本高昂的印制发行，以满足那些固守纸质阅读的读者。
But such a subsidy would be hugely pricey, and expensive printing presses will have to be kept running for readers who want to stick with paper.
各家公司也纷纷通过市场发行公司债券——利用债券发行所得来偿还它们目前成本非常昂贵的银行债务。
Companies have also tapped the markets by offering bonds - using the proceeds to pay back their now very expensive bank debt.
各家公司也纷纷通过市场发行公司债券——利用债券发行所得来偿还它们目前成本非常昂贵的银行债务。
Companies have also tapped the markets by offering bonds - using the proceeds to pay back their now very expensive bank debt.
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