这个想法是由化学中的化学键理论想到的。在这个理论里，人们通常认为原子中形成满壳层的电子对化学键完全没有贡献。
The idea was suggested by the chemical theory of valency in which one is used to the idea of electrons in an atom forming closed shells which do not contribute at all to the valency.
遗憾的是，一秒钟的标准定义依赖于原子在绝对零度的条件，而实际的时钟需要在室温下运行，室温条件下电子壳层膨胀了。
Unfortunately, the standard definition of a second relies on what the atom does at a temperature of absolute zero. Real clocks need to run at room temperature, where the shell of electrons puffs up.
而对于氟来说，氟原子更小,与外部壳层在这的负一价氟离子相比。
Whereas for fluorine, fluorine is smaller than f minus is the one that's the outer shell shown here.
某一非常薄的壳层dr内,一个原子的概率,你想一个壳层时。
We're saying the probability of from the nucleus in some very thin shell that we describe by d r.
含有铁、钯、铂和稀土元素的化合物呈现强顺磁性，因为这些元素的原子有不完全的内电子壳层。
Compounds containing iron, palladium, platinum, and the rare-earth elements exhibit strong paramagnetism because they have atoms with some incomplete inner electron shells.
介绍了利用电子轰击核靶原子K壳层电离截面的一种计算方法。
This article is related to a calculating method of atomic ionization cross section on K - shell when bombarding a nuclear target with electron.
本文通过对波函数、原子能量、辐射跃迁等方面的讨论，分析了原子结构壳层模型的近似性。
The approximation of the shell model in atomic structure had been assayed with discussion about the wave funtion, atomic energy and the radiant transition in this paper.
本方法也可以用来计算高温下其他闭合壳层原子间的排斥势函数及高温下的维里状态方程。
The method scan be applied to calculating repulsive potential function between other close shell atoms and Virial state equation under high temperature.
路易斯结构规则的第三步是，找出让分子中每个原子的价壳层，都排满应该需要多少个价电子。
Step three in our Lewis structure rules is to figure out how many electrons we would need in order for every single atom in our molecule to have a full valence shell.
计算表明，以HFS模型为零级近似，对闭合壳层原子基态亦可成功地进行多体计算。
Our calculation shows that, take the HFS model as zeroth order approximation instead, successful many-body calculation on the ground state property of closed shell atoms can also be made.
低能电子碰撞原子内壳层电离截面测量的研究在理论和实际应用方面都具有重要意义。
The study of atomic inner-shell ionization cross-sections by low-energy electron impact is significant in both theoretical researches and practical applications.
依据该理论，对前五周期原子的内禀（亚）壳层结构、内实（价）壳层结构进行了研究。
The intrinsic (sub)shell structure and core (valence) shell structure of atoms from the first- to the fifth- row in the periodic table are evaluated.
本文将闭壳层体系的近似关系式，应用于计算原子开壳层体系非相对论的总电子能量。
An approximate relationship is applied to calculate nonrelativistic total electronic energies of atomic open shell systems.
原子核形变证实壳层结构。
由于稀有气体晶体原子保持了核外满壳层的电子结构，与其他晶体材料相比，原子间的相互作用非常简单。
The interaction between atoms in it are very simple contrasted with the other crystals, due to the full shell structure of the electron maintained by the atoms in rare gas crystal.
当我们向下走时，我们会将电子加在越来越远的壳层上，因此我们将看到原子半径，将随我们沿周期表向下走而增大。
So as we go down we're now adding electrons to further and further away shells, so what we're going to see is that the atomic radius is going to increase as we're going down the periodic table.
本文利用R -矩阵方法对部分原子和离子的价壳层、内壳层光电离过程进行了较详细的研究。
The photoionization of atoms and ions are studied theoretically by using the R-matrix method in this thesis.
原子的基态是原子能量的最低状态，这对于研究原子的电子壳层结构具有重要的意义，本文给出了确定原子基态的一种方法。
Atomic ground state is the minimum state of atomic energy, which is significance to the study of electric shell structure of atom.
原子的基态是原子能量的最低状态，这对于研究原子的电子壳层结构具有重要的意义，本文给出了确定原子基态的一种方法。
Atomic ground state is the minimum state of atomic energy, which is significance to the study of electric shell structure of atom.
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