设计了单积分球系统测量牛奶光学参数。
A single-integrating sphere system was designed to measure the optical properties of milk.
然后就变成了一个单变量积分。
一个向量场,如果定义在单连通区域并且旋度为零，那么它就是一个梯度场，并且其上的线积分与路径无关。
OK, so, we've seen that if we have a vector field defined in a simply connected region, and its curl is zero, then it's a gradient field, and the line integral is path independent.
它们产生在一条曲线上，任何的积分都可以只用一个变量来表示，进行变量替换后，你得到一个，我们知道怎样计算的，单变量积分。
They take place in a curve.You express everything in terms of one variable and after substituting, you end up with a usual one variable integral that you know how to evaluate.
当计算一个单变量的积分时，你不会这样做的，不会分割出一个个小块，再对这些小块求和。
When you compute an integral in single variable calculus, you don't do that. You don't cut into little pieces and sum the pieces together.
所有的这些都跟一个变量有关，也就可以来做单变量积分了，有问题么？
You express everything in terms of a single variable and then you do a usual single integral. Any questions about that?
因此在决定选择单桅帆船还是双桅帆船时，决定因素并非帆面积，而是将这个帆面积分布在两面帆或是三面帆上带来的相应差异。
So it's not the sail area that matters when deciding between a sloop and a ketch, but differences resulting from having that area spread over three rather than two sails.
不要求掌握分部积分公式，但还是希望，有些人能在单变量积分中记住它。
Well, I don't expect that you would need integration by parts, although I still hope that some of you remember it from single variable calculus.
但是这仍然是一个线积分，代入计算就会发现，这仍然会变为单变量积分。
But it is still a line integral so it is still going to turn into a single integral when you plug in the correct values.
我强烈建议,如果你忘记了单变量积分的知识，现在就是一个很好的复习机会。
OK, so, yeah that's a strong suggestion that if you've forgotten everything about single variable calculus, now would be a good time to actually brush up on integrals.
本文采用将高斯波束法，射线追迹和矢量衍射积分相结合的方法来分析单波束的点聚焦透镜天线。
We adopted Gaussian beam, ray tracing and vector diffraction integration together to analyze single beam spot-focusing lens antenna.
控制算法采用改进的积分分离pid算法，实现了单自由度磁轴承的稳定悬浮。
Improved integration detach PID algorithm is adopted. One freedom magnetic bearing is stably suspended.
推导了基于NASA标准解体模型的碎片分离速度概率密度函数，建立了计算航天器与单颗碎片碰撞概率的时间积分算法。
Space debris delta-velocity probability density function was deduced by NASA's standard breakup model, and time integral algorithm of collision probability between spacecraft and any debris was built.
介绍了一种用单自由度速率积分陀螺组成的卫星用惯性敏感器陀螺漂移系数测试的实用方法。
The paper presents a practical method for satellite inertial sensor assembly consisted of single-degree-of-freedom rate integrating gyros.
提出一种基于GA的自适应模糊积分型滑模控制策略，并将其用于具有非线性动态摩擦力的单轴运动控制系统中。
An adaptive fuzzy integral type sliding mode control method based on GA was proposed to control single-axis motion control system with nonlinear dynamic friction.
通过将其化为等价的积分方程，我们建立了该模型单稳情形下的波前解的存在性与唯一性。
By transforming the model to corresponding integral equation, the existence and uniqueness of traveling wave fronts are proved.
结果得到了一组带有一个关于单粒子光谱自洽条件的耦合的，非线性的重子自能的积分方程。
The result is a set of coupled, nonlinear integral equations for the baryon self-energy with a self-consistency condition on the single-particle spectrum.
统计物理教材中分子构型配分函数的计算，一般是将双矢量积分化简为单矢量积分。
In statistical physics lectures, the calculation of the configuration partition function of molecule is simplified from double vectors integral to single vector integral.
该系统采用单神经元和专家系统相结合的智能PI调节方法实现流量控制，液位采用积分分离智能PI调节方法。
The flow control is carried out by the method combining single neural cell and expert system, and liquid location is controlled by intelligent PI with integration separation method.
设计了解析模糊控制器，并在此基础上引入了单神经元；根据智能积分的思想，研究了模糊神经元非模型控制算法。
Based on designing analytical fuzzy controller, fuzzy-neuron model-free control algorithm is studied by using single neuron and the thought of intelligent integral.
通过对单级倒立摆系统的简化模型分析，设计了带有积分环节的数字最优控制器。
Firstly, the simplified model of the single inverted pendulum system is analyzed, and then designed a digital optimal controller with integral function.
本文在严格、完整的基础上，利用矩阵范数理论研究了结构非线性动力分析中数值积分格式的稳定性问题，给出了判别单自由度非线性动力方程积分格式稳定性的一般数学准则。
The problem of stability in the numerical integration schemes of nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures is discussed by using matrix and norm theory on a rigorous and complete basis in this paper.
可用单内点子域精细积分法，求解二维抛物型方程初值问题。
The initial-value problem of two-dimensional parabolic equation can be solved by using meticulous integration of single inner point subdomain.
可用单内点子域精细积分，求解对流-扩散方程初值问题。
Initial value as a problem of convection diffusion equation can be solved by applying fine integral of single inner point subdomains.
这种技术利用单周期控制的积分性质和动态反应快的特点，对交错运行变换器的各单元电感电流进行控制，实现交错单元间电流的平均分配。
It makes use of the integrating character and the fast response of one cycle control to realize the current sharing of the interleaving converters.
而且，由此自然地推导出单节点数值积分公式。
Therefore the generalized numerical quadrature formula with the single node is deduced naturally.
通过数值求解所得的积分方程，得到单桩在水平简谐载荷作用下的动力响应。
After the numerical solution of the integral equation, the dynamic response of the pile subject to harmonic horizontal load can be obtained.
本文把在单连通区域上成立的曲线积分与路线无关性定理推广到复连通区域。
In this paper the theorem in which a curve integral is independent of the integral path on a single connected region is generalized.
以体积分数70%的乙醇为萃取液，用单因素分析与正交试验相结合的方法，研究了微波萃取沙棘叶黄酮。
The microwave-assisted extraction of seabuckthorn leaves flavonoids is investigated using single factor and orthogonal test in the 70% ethanol solution.
由于单周控制单元中的积分器需采用模拟电路实现，模拟电路积分时间常数易受电路参数的变化而变化。
But one cycle controller is usually realized by analog circuit and the parameter is easy to vary with the environment, so the integration time constant will vary at the same time.
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