乘以化学势。
Subtract a little bit of chemical potential from the reactants.
减去一点反应物的，化学势。
And that's what's resulting in the decrease in chemical potential.
结果导致，化学势的降低。
So if we work out the chemical potential, it's just one over N times A.
如果我们计算出化学势，它就是N分之一乘以A
But as the pressure rises, now the chemical potential changes and goes up.
但是当压强升高的时候，化学式也会改变，上升。
That it's equal to the chemical potential RTlogp at one bar for an ideal gas plus RT log p.
等于对于理想气体一巴时的,化学势加上。
And so the chemical potential of the water is strongly affected by all the other constituents.
水的化学势受到，其他成分的强烈影响。
Well, that's just the chemical potential of a, in the pure state, at temperature t and pressure pT.
好，这就是A的化学势，在纯态，温度为T，压强为p总时。
So mu, the chemical potential for these configurations, dA/dN is just dA/dN. With T and V constant.
那么μ，构型的化学势，就是。
In other words, the difference in the chemical potential is, this changes as a function of pressure.
换句话说，化学势之差等于，这个差值随着压强的变化。
And we're going to have to write chemical potential for a species, a, let's say, which is in solution.
我们需要写出，物质a的化学势。
What this is telling us is that we just have a chemical potential, of Helmholtz free energy per molecule.
这告诉我们的是，我们只有化学势，每个分子的亥姆霍兹自由能。
By the way, it's convenient because it looks just like the chemical potential in a mixture of ideal gases.
顺便说一下，它很简便，因为它看起来就像理想气体，混合物中化学势的表达式。
These log partial pressures all come from expanding out the chemical potential as mu naught plus RT log p.
这些log的分压都来自于,化学势对μ零加RTlogp的展开。
Every single component has to have its chemical potential its chemical potential equal throughout the phases.
因为每一个组分在所有相中的化学势,都必须相等。
Just from starting from our understanding of what the chemical potential does even in a simple ideal mixture.
从对化学势，在简单理想，混合里的行为的理解开始。
Since the gas and liquid are in equilibrium, therefore we know the chemical potential in the liquid phase too.
由于气相和液相的化学势相等，因此我们也就知道了,液相中的化学势。
Based on chemical potential, the necessary condition of drying is inferred by the method of thermodynamics.
以化学势判据为依据，用热力学方法推导了干燥操作的必要条件。
Chemical potentials of a, in the gas phase has to be the same as the chemical potential of a in the liquid phase.
处于气态的A的化学势等于，处于液态的A的化学势。
Therefore the chemical potential in the mixture is always less than the chemical potential inside the pure material.
所以混合态是的化学势,永远小于,纯态物质的化学势。
Because it's in equilibrium, the chemical potential of that particular component has to be the same in all the phases.
因为它处于平衡状态，所以这个特定组分在所有相中的化学势，都必须相等。
At the same pressure the chemical potential of the water's lower inside the cell or inside the enclosure with the membrane.
在同样的压强下，细胞里或膜里的水，的化学势比较低。
Especially when you're talking about something like a chemical potential, which is really nothing but the Gibbs free energy.
尤其是当你谈论诸如,化学势之类的东西的时候，实际上这就是吉布斯自由能。
The chemical potential from the fundamental equation up here is the derivative of a with respect to the number of particles.
化学势，从基本方程上说，就是A对N的偏导，因此对A取N偏导，因此化学势也能，用正则配分函数表示。
We learned that the pressure dependence of the Gibbs free energy gives you the pressure dependence for the chemical potential.
我们还知道吉布斯自由能，对压强的依赖关系决定了，化学势对压强的依赖关系。
So of course, the free energy in either case is just the sum of the number of moles of each times the chemical potential of each.
那么当然，任一种情况的自由能，就是各组分的分子数，乘以化学势再加和。
So what that means is that the chemical potential in the solution is always lower than the chemical potential of the pure liquid.
所以那意味着,溶液中的化学势,总是低于,纯液体中的化学势。
Now what I'd like to do is go a little bit further and just look at expressions for the chemical potential and the free energies.
现在我想，更进一步，看看化学势，和自由能的表达式。
OK, so in equilibrium now, when we talk about equilibrium in solution, we still have to, still going to be the chemical potential.
好现在是平衡态，我们讨论溶液中的平衡态，我们仍然仍然讨论化学势。
Changes in Gibbs free energy, changes in the chemical potential. Everything will be related to this partition function. This subsystem.
吉布斯自由能和化学势的变化，一切都，由这个子系统决定。
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