直到最近，基因学家们才开始对特定基因感兴趣。
The geneticists were not interested in particular genes until recently.
基因学家称，两项全基因组研究都显示了技术带来的希望。
Both whole-genome studies show the technique's promise, geneticists say.
伯龙和ARS的基因学家托马斯•迪温发现，豆杆中纤维素的强度非常高。
Barone and ARS geneticist Thomas Devine have found that the cellulose fibers in their sapling-like soybean stalks were unusually strong.
基因学家和当地的画作都证实，这颗植于400多年前的葡萄藤，早在1657年就存在了。
Planted over 400 years ago, it has been authenticated by genetic experts and verified in paintings of Maribor dating from 1657.
增加粮食作物的产量十分重要，在过去的一些年里，在基因学家的努力下已经取得了很大进展。
It is enormously important to increase the yield of grain plants and a great deal has happened through the work of the geneticists in the last few years.
尽管这个过程耗费巨大，但科学家称在不久的几年里就可以预演出基因学家们是如何进行常规疾病诊断的。
Although the procedure is costly, the scientists say it is a preview of how medical geneticists will routinely diagnosis patients in a few years.
用线粒体的基因组来测量相关性是基因学家用以发现很久以前生存过的共同祖先的这一艰巨任务的简化方式。
Using mitochondrial genomes to gauge relatedness is a way for geneticists to simplify the task of finding common ancestors that lived long ago.
关于前臂，基因学家、文章的合著者茱莉亚。撒格雷猜想也许是暴露的胳膊为细菌提供了一个良好的着陆台。
As for the forearm, geneticist and co-author Julia Segre speculates that exposed arms make a good landing pad for bacteria.
这对基因学家来说无疑是一个喜讯，他们现在经常看到出现有特殊疾病的各种症状，但却不能进行精确的诊断。
And that will be a boon to medical geneticists, who now often see patients with all the symptoms of a particular disorder but can't verify the diagnosis with a genetic test.
布柳斯·沃尔克指出，美、英基因学家完成的破解人类基因组工作令征召志愿者加入到仔细的基因学研究中成为可能。
Cloth Liu Siwoerke pointed out that the United States, Britain geneticist cracked the human genome completed work in order to recruit volunteers to join a careful study of genetics possible.
这些基因学家的研究工作令人“印象十分深刻”。他说，他们为瘟疫历史研究增添了第三条途径。之前只有历史学家和考古学家参与其中。
The geneticists' work is “immensely impressive,” Dr. Little said, and adds a third leg to the studies of plague by historians and by archaeologists.
但是许多人，不单是基因学家，还有经济学家，政策决定者对幸福的研究越来越感兴趣，他们都不满足于当前评论人类取得现有成就的方法。
But there is growing interest in the study of happiness, not just among geneticists but also among economists and policymakers dissatisfied with current ways of measuring humanity's achievements.
加州大学圣地亚哥分校基因学家Kelly Frazer说这些新的研究有助于解释与疾病相关的普通变异为何离任何基因都那么远。
Kelly Frazer, a genomicist at the University of California, San Diego, says the new studies help explain why many common mutations linked to diseases are located so far from any gene.
麦克尔·诺尔斯，一位来自查珀尔希尔北卡罗来纳州立大学的医学基因学家曾这样说：“对我们这个领域的人来说它真是一个天赐之物。”
"It is a godsend to those of us in the field, " says Michael Knowles, a medical geneticist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校的基因学家雷·罗德里格斯说：“我们的基因中都有这样的变异，它们影响着我们吸收、利用以及储存各种营养成分的方式。”
"We all have these variants in our genes," says Ray Rodriguez, a geneticist at the University of California at Davis. "And they affect how we absorb, utilize and store various nutrients."
在第二项研究中，由马里兰州贝塞斯达国家眼科协会的分子基因学家阿南德斯瓦鲁普领衔的研究小组确信在黄斑变性与LIPC之间的确存在与此前相同的关联。
In the second study, a team led by Anand Swaroop, a molecular geneticist at the National Eye Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, confirmed the same link between macular degeneration and LIPC.
从呼啦圈到人造石台面版,在过去60年里商人们总能敏锐地捕捉到二战后出生的那代人的需求.如今他们又利用这代人的恐惧大赚其钱,而且不光是只有像电脑化闪卡这样的赚钱点子.医生和基因学家也已经参与到这个市场中来.
Now they are making money on that generation’s fears, and it is not just computerized flash card makers with the money-making ideas. Doctors and geneticists have also tapped into the market.
同样研究双胞胎的遗传学家丹妮尔·里德认为，基因不能控制一切。
Genes can't control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins.
首先，大多数行为是由不止一个基因控制的，而且直到最近遗传学家还没有方法来识别其涉及的多个基因。
In the first place, most behaviors are governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved.
科学家们已利用基因工程来保护番茄不受严寒的影响。
Scientists have used genetic engineering to protect tomatoes against the effects of freezing.
科学家将很快能够通过操控人类基因来控制衰老的过程。
Scientists would soon be able to manipulate human genes to control the aging process.
随着科学家们对我们的基因进行更深入的研究，他们在过去的几千年里就发现了人类进化的例子。
As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
事实上，这个过程可能会在克隆的基因中嵌入一些小的缺陷，而科学家们直到现在才发现这些缺陷。
In fact, the process can embed small flaws in the genes of clones that scientists are only now discovering.
有些科学家有预感，认为孕妇的饮食和她接触的各种化学物质会开启一些胎儿基因，而关闭其他基因。
Some scientists have a hunch that a pregnant woman's diet and her exposure to various chemicals turn on some fetal genes and turn off others.
这进而对它们的饮食产生了重大影响，促使科学家们推测，学习特定种群狩猎方法的能力可能推动了这些动物的基因发育。
This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to speculate that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals' genetic development.
在对组织样本进行基因分析后，科学家确认这条蛇是一个此前不为人知的物种。
The scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.
该研究小组由哈佛大学的格雷厄姆·雷诺兹博士带队，这位科学家在对组织样本进行基因分析后，确认这条蛇是一个此前不为人知的种类。
The team was led by Dr. Graham Reynolds, from Harvard University, the scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.
该研究小组由哈佛大学的格雷厄姆·雷诺兹博士带队，这位科学家在对组织样本进行基因分析后，确认这条蛇是一个此前不为人知的物种。
The team was led by Dr. Graham Reynolds, from Harvard University, the scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.
该研究小组由哈佛大学的格雷厄姆·雷诺兹博士带队，这位科学家在对组织样本进行基因分析后，确认这条蛇是一个此前不为人知的物种。
The team was led by Dr. Graham Reynolds, from Harvard University, the scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.
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