These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell.

这些元素，不像过渡金属那样显示出可变的化合价，他们只有最外层电子参加反应。

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These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell.

这些元素，不像过渡金属那样显示出可变的化合价，他们只有最外层电子参加反应。

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