Off-chip memory latency is mainly determined by DRAM latency, and memory bandwidth is determined by data transfer rate through the memory bus.

片外存储系统的访存延迟主要由DRAM延迟决定，带宽则是由内存总线的数据传输率所决定。

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Since memory is the primary place to store the data, the most effective way to against attack is the protection of off-chip memory, i. e. confidentiality protection and integrity protection.

鉴于存储器是数据最主要的驻留场所，因此，防范攻击首要的是对处理器的片外存储器进行保护，其关键技术手段包括存储器的机密性和完整性保护。

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Since memory is the primary place to store the data, the most effective way to against attack is the protection of off-chip memory, i. e. confidentiality protection and integrity protection.

鉴于存储器是数据最主要的驻留场所，因此，防范攻击首要的是对处理器的片外存储器进行保护，其关键技术手段包括存储器的机密性和完整性保护。

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