In other words, now I know how to tell how the Helmholtz free energy changes as a function of temperature.

换句话说，我现在知道如何写出亥姆赫兹,自由能作为温度的函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And so that led us to the definitions of other energy quantities, the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.

这就要求我们定义,其他的和能量相似的物理量，亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The one thing you want to keep in mind though is that Hertz does not actually mean inverse seconds, it means cycles per second. So, if you're talking about a car going so many meters per second, you can't say it's going meter Hertz, you have to say meters per second.

写成5每秒，或5赫兹,你们要记住的是赫兹,并不等于秒的倒数，它是每秒的循环数，如果你们说,一辆车一秒可以走多少米,你不能说它走了米赫兹。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So I can in a very straightforward way say, OK, well, here is my Helmholtz free energy.

所以我可以很直接的说，这就是我的亥姆赫兹自由能。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And knowing now how to calculate these free energies especially the Helmholtz and the Gibbs free energies,that's what's going to guide us in really calculating quantitatively, OK, where will equilibrium lie.

知道如何计算,这些自由能,尤其是亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能之后,这些数值计算就能告诉我们，平衡态到底是什么样子。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We discovered that the quantity dA, under conditions of constant volume and temperature, dA TS And A is u minus TS.

我们发现在恒定的体积和温度下，亥姆赫兹自由能的变化，小于零，is，less，than，zero。,亥姆赫兹自由能A等于内能u减去。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

pV Also A plus pV and G is minimized at equilibrium with constant temperature and pressure.

同时等于亥姆赫兹自由能A加上,同时在恒定的温度和压强下。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

TS A is u minus TS.

亥姆赫兹自由能A等于内能u减去。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选