When I talked about arguments for the existence of a soul, I said, "Look, here's one possible argument.

当我谈论证明灵魂,存在的论证时,我说过,"这里有个可能的论证

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

We've been talking about the question, What arguments might be offered for the existence of a soul?

我们一直在讨论这样一个问题,用什么论证可以证明灵魂的存在

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That's the idea of the game, and then Parry demonstrated by careful scholarship of the Homeric poems, that that is the way the Homeric poems were.

他们从游历中获取灵感,之后帕里通过严谨的学术论证证明了,这就是《荷马史诗》的创作方式

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What the argument attempts to show is that this mind must be something separate from my body.

这个论证尝试证明的就是,这个心灵肯定和我的身体是不同的

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So he offers a series of arguments for that conclusion, for that position, and starting next time, we'll work our way through those arguments.

因而他给出一系列论证,来证明这个结论,证明这个立场,下节课开始,我们将讨论这些论证

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We've spent the last week and a half or so, maybe a bit more, two weeks, talking about arguments for the existence of the soul.

我们已经花了一周半,也许还多点,两周吧,来讨论证明灵魂存在的论证

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I believe the attempts to establish the existence of a soul, an immaterial object, the house of consciousness separate and distinct from the body, I think those arguments fail.

我认为,无论是试图证明,灵魂作为一种非物质的东西,而存在,还是证明心灵,这个意识的处所,独立于肉体,我认为这些论证都不成立

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So, here's a new argument for the existence of the soul.

所以,这里有了一个新论证证明灵魂存在

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Still, that doesn't mean that we should believe the argument for the existence of the soul from near-death experiences, because the question remains, "What's the best explanation of what's going on in near-death experiences?"

但是,这并不意味着,我们应该相信那些从濒死体验角度,来证明灵魂存在的论证,因为问题仍在,对于濒死体验的,最好解释是什么

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For my money, I find the beginnings of the scientific explanation sufficiently persuasive and sufficiently compelling that I don't find the argument from near- death experience--as an argument for the existence of a soul-- I don't find it especially persuasive.

在我看来,我觉得这些初步的,科学解释已经足够有说服力,足够令人信服,而从濒死体验的角度,来证明灵魂存在论证,我认为它不是特别有说服力

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And so we've got a--we could imagine then a-- Descartes-like argument saying, "If I can imagine the Evening Star without the Morning Star, that shows the Evening Star and the Morning Star must be two different heavenly bodies."

所以我们得到一个,我们可以想象一个,笛卡尔式的论证,如果我能想象昏星存在而晨星不存在,这就证明了昏星,和晨星肯定是两个不同的天体

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That doesn't prove that the argument fails, but it does mean that you're going to have your work cut out for you if you're going to use this route to arguing for the existence of a soul.

但这并不表明这个论证就不成立,而它确实意味着,如果你要用这种途径,来证明灵魂存在的话,你需要有人帮你解答疑团

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It's got to be the case to prove that we've got a soul-- at least for this argument to work to prove that we've got a soul-- it's got to be the case that we've got free will.

必须要有事实证明我们有灵魂,至少是为了能够证明这个论证,人是有灵魂的,必须要有事实证明我们有自由意志

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If that argument, if the argument-- If trying to run the Cartesian argument for astronomy fails, yet it seems to be an exactly analogous argument, we ought to conclude that the argument for the distinctness of the mind and the body must fail as well.

如果这个论证,如果把卡氏论证运用到天文学,是失败的,看来我们也不得不承认,类似的那个证明心灵,和身体不同的那个论证,必然也是失败的

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As I said, we've been considering different kinds of arguments for the existence of a soul, each of which appeals to some feature about us-- our creativity, our ability to feel, the fact that we have a qualitative aspect of experience, our ability to reason-- what have you.

我说过,我们考察了各种各样,证明灵魂存在的论证,每一种都诉诸我们的某种特性,我们的创造性,我们的感知能力,当然还有我们定性方面的经验,我们推理的能力,诸如此类的

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At the end of last class, we started sketching an argument that comes from Descartes, the Cartesian argument, that says merely by the process of thinking, on the basis of thought alone, it tends to show that the mind-- We all agree that there are minds.

在上次课的最后,我们开始简述一个,来自笛卡尔的论证,或称为卡氏论证,这个论证说仅仅通过思考,仅仅在思想的基础上,它就能证明心灵,我们都承认有心灵

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