All of Milton's labors in the cause of liberating England from the tyranny of monarchy had in some way - could be construed as having been useless.

弥尔顿为把英国从君主暴政解放出来,所做的努力在某种程度上,可以说是付之东流了。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

The majority of Englishmen were calling for the return of their nation's rightful monarch. It wasn't long before the revolution failed and the Stuart monarchy was restored.

大部分英国人都在呼吁国家的,合法君主归位，不久,革命失败了，斯图亚特王朝复辟。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Over the long run, Great Britain remains a constitutional monarchy even in the nineteenth century, when Victoria had great prestige, she did not have great power.

长久以来,英国保持着君主立宪制,即使到了十九世纪,当维多利亚女王获得无上荣耀的时候,她并没有获得太多权利

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Milton participated with extraordinary enthusiasm and considerable zeal in the establishment of England's new, non-monarchic government, initially a commonwealth and then what we can think of as a republic.

弥尔顿带着极大的热情,参与了组建英国的非君主制新政府的过程，这一政府起先是联邦制,后来可认为是共和制。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Now in the middle years of the seventeenth century during the English revolution that saw the execution of the king and saw the establishment of a non-monarchic republican government, Milton had practically invented the formal language, the literary language, of insubordination.

7世纪中期,英国革命期间，国王被处决,一个非君主制的共和国政府建立了起来，弥尔顿实际上创造出了一套正式词汇，一套用来表述“反抗“的文学词汇。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

And which, in the case of England, the civil war was largely fought, to a great extent anyway, trying to prevent the English monarchy from taking on characteristics of those emerging absolute states on the continent.

其中之一是英国,［1648年的英国内战称之为 "英国资产阶级革命"］,这在很大程度上,是为了阻止英国的君主制,转变为欧洲大陆上新兴的绝对主义

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

But along with this conceptual framework, provided by none other than Thomas Hobbs in England, who had lived through the English Civil War and thought that you shouldn't mess around with this rights business, you need some sort of big powerful monarch there-- but there was a sense inherent in all of this.

但与之同存的另一种观点,是英国最具代表性的托马斯·霍布斯提出的,他经历过英国内战,且认为君主不该滥用手中权力,你需要的是一个有权利的君主,但这其中有一些内在的概念

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选