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So, you have both the diversity in the physical connections, any one cell is potentially contacting lots of other cells.
所以 神经系统既有多样性的物理连接,即每个细胞都可能与其他许多细胞连接
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In my classes? Not as much. I think, I'm a pre-med neuroscience major,
在课上吗？没有太多。我是神经系统科学专业的医学预科生，
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And I will briefly touch upon these wonderful systems that are able to deliver information into the brain and nerve system.
我会简要提及这些能够向大脑和神经系统,递信息的美妙系统。
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Another example is in the nervous system, patients that have Parkinson's disease have too little of a natural ligand called dopamine.
另一个例子有关神经系统,帕金森氏病的患者,缺乏一种叫做多巴胺的天然的配体
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She's my Cognitive Neuroscience teacher,
她是我的神经系统学老师，
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Part of the complexity of the nervous system is the complexity of this interconnection of cells.
神经系统的复杂性部分地,体现在神经细胞间相互连接的复杂性
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And all this is to help to address a broad range of neurological diseases and injuries.
所有这些都旨在帮助我们,研究很广的范围的神经系统疾病和损伤。
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It's not that all these layers are wrapped around the nervous system and the endocrine system.
不是所有功能,都围绕着神经系统和内分泌系统展开的
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And that concept is really to either write information into the brain and the nerve system or read information out of the brain and the nerve system.
这一概念实际上是指,向大脑或者神经系统输入信息,或者读出大脑和神经系统以外的信息。
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That was the point I was trying to illustrate in the nervous system.
这才是我在讲解神经系统时,想极力说明的问题
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Your stomach is a very complex organ that has a muscle layer, it has an epithelial layer which is the interface with food that comes in, and it also has a nervous system, so does the heart.
你的胃是一个非常复杂的器官,它拥有一个肌肉层,有一个与摄入的食物,相接触的表皮层,也有一套神经系统,心脏也有
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If you look throughout the nervous system you would find cells that look different in different regions, because of where they're situated in the brain.
如果你仔细检视神经系统,你会发现不同部位的神经细胞,看起来不一样,这取决于它们在大脑中所处的位置
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That's what leads to some of the complexity of function of the nervous system.
这就是导致,神经系统功能多样性的原因
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They might be capable of forming all of the cells of the nervous system; they might still have some potency to form other things that are similar to the nervous system.
它们也许可以生成,所有神经系统的细胞,也许还有一些生成和神经系统类似的,其他东西的潜能
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Because of that, because they're not directly wired together but because there is - are decisions and integrations occurring at each junction, the potential operation of the nervous system becomes diverse.
正因如此,正因为神经元并不是直接联系在一起的,但在每个连接处进行决策和信息整合,使神经系统的活动具有多样性
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The synapse is just this anatomical region of contact between two adjacent cells in the nervous system.
突触是解剖学上,神经系统相邻两细胞的连接区域
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I'm using it just to make the point, which you already know about; that the nervous system is complex in it performs a complex set of functions.
我想通过这张图片阐述一些,你们已经知道的知识,即神经系统是一个,功能复杂的复合体
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How do your kidneys know what the status is of inside your blood, They know that because they receive signals from the endocrine system and the nervous system.
肾脏何以得知血液组分的状态,它们能够知道这些是因为它们接收到,来自内分泌系统和神经系统的信号
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That would be a bad design for our nervous system where we want to use cells over and over again, so they're able to recover from this change in potential.
这样的神经系统设计可不怎么样,我们想要能重复使用的神经细胞,所以它们具有从电势变化中恢复的能力
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The nervous system, the endocrine system which we'll start talking about a little bit today is the system that's responsible for sending signals back and forth between tissues of your body.
还有神经系统,和我们今天将要提到的内分泌系统,内分泌系统主要负责,在体内各组织之间传递信号
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One class of them is beta-blockers, they bind to beta-adrenergic receptors, which are receptors that exchange information between your nervous system and the contractile system that beats your heart and that causes the heartbeat.
一类药物是β阻断剂,它们与β肾上腺素受体结合,这种受体能够在神经系统和,控制心跳的心肌收缩系统之间传递信息,从而产生心跳
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In some cells they're recycled, that is the cell is able to take up the neurotransmitter after it's released and restore it, but most often there are enzyme systems inside the pre-synaptic membrane where those neurotransmitters are synthesized.
在一些细胞中神经递质可以循环利用,这些细胞可以吸收,已经释放出的神经递质并重新储存起来,但更常见的是突触前膜中含有酶系统,在此合成神经递质
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