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These--Again, the chemicals could excite the other neuron bring up the chances it will fire, or inhibit the other neuron .
再强调一遍,这些化学物质可使另一个神经元变得兴奋,提高该神经元产生神经冲动的可能性,也可抑制另一个神经的兴奋性
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We've then talked about how neurons can communicate to one another; then, turned to how neurons are wired up together.
接着我们还讲了,神经元之间是如何进行信息传递的,之后,我们又谈到了,神经元是如何连结在一起的
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We receive the electric signals from each tip, we tell which neuron is listening to, we get that color piece.
我们从每个电极端接收到电子信号，我们说明去听哪个神经元，这样就得到了一张彩色图片。
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It doesn't represent any particular neuron in the body, but just meant to represent functions that all of them have.
它不代表体内任何特定的神经元,只是用来表现神经元共有的一些功能
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Finally, remember myelination, where you sort of get this fatty sheath over your neuron to make it more effective?
最后,回想一下髓鞘的形成,你会在哪里长出脂肪鞘,去包裹神经元,使得神经元更有效率
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So, one simple way to code intensity is the number of neurons firing; the more neurons the more intense.
影响反应强度的一个简单因素,就是产生神经冲动的神经元数量,神经元越多,反应强度越大
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So, one of the discoveries of psychology is that the basic unit of the brain appears to be the neuron.
心理学的发现之一,就是,神经元是大脑的基本单元
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This is a picture of a neuron, this particular neuron has been filled with a fluorescent dye so that it's colored green.
这是一幅神经元的图片,这个特定的神经元,已经被荧光染料染成了绿色
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They have nothing to do with the cells that are on your head, the hairs on your head. These are modified neurons.
这些细胞与脑细胞,不是一回事，与头发也没有任何关系而是改良后的神经元。
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So, you have neurons and they're clustered together and they fire and they communicate to one another.
所以,你有很多的神经元,它们聚集在一起,发放神经冲动,彼此间相互联系
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That will produce a response pattern like this, so each square corresponses how any one neuron response.
然后就形成了这样的反应模式，因此每个方格就体现了每个神经元的反应。
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If you decide to raise your hand, those are motor neurons telling the muscles what to do.
如果你要举手,这些运动神经元会告诉肌肉该做些什么
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Now because it is so important to understand how the neurons present the information, ? let me go into a bit more detail. Ok?
既然要理解,神经元传递信息是如此重要，我来更加详细地解释一下，好吧？
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And to give you, again, a feeling for the complexity of these systems, the cerebellum contains approximately 30 billion neurons.
小脑包含大约三百万个神经元,这也能够让你再次体会到,这些系统的复杂性
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So, how does this all work to give rise to creatures who could do interesting things like talk and think?
那么神经元又是如何变成了,能够说话思考的奇妙生物呢
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Now, this is in the resting state of all cells, there's some membrane potential and neurons have this resting membrane potential also.
现在这是一个静息状态的细胞,它具有膜电位,神经元也具有类似的静息电位
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That's obvious when you look at neurons and it will be obvious when we look at other kinds of cells as well.
当你看到神经元细胞时,这一点就一目了然了,我们观察其它细胞时也是如此
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That is interesting because it kind of looks to some extent like the way neurons look and this is often known as neural networks.
有趣的是,因为它看上去很像神经元的样子,所以通常都将它称之为神经网络
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What this does then is it paralyzes you because your motor neurons-- You send the command to your arm to stand, to lift up.
结果就是它能使你瘫痪,因为你的运动神经元,你想要举起手臂
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And the answer is, although neurons are all or nothing, there are ways to code intensity.
答案就是,尽管神经元服从全或无法则,但仍有许多因素会影响神经元的反应强度
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Now, So, we've talked a little bit about the basic building blocks of the brain "neurons".
到现在为止,我们已经讲到了,大脑的基本单元,"神经元"
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It turns out that neurons relate to one another chemically in a kind of interesting way.
原来神经元之间,是通过奇妙的化学方式,而相互联系的
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Now if the spinal cord is injured, for example, what we propose to do is to tap into the electrical signals associated with individual neurons.
现在，如果脊髓受到伤害，我们建议去接近与单个神经元,相联系的电子信号。
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As Lewis Carroll's Alice might have phrased it, "You're nothing but a pack of neurons."
正如刘易斯·卡罗尔,在《爱丽斯》中所描述的,"你不过是一堆神经元罢了"
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What happens in development isn't for the most part the growth of new neurons.
发展中所发生的主要事情,并非是新神经元的生长
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On the other side of this diagram I show a picture of a neuron.
图表另一边,向你们展示了神经元图片
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This infinitesimal gap-- and this gap is known as a synapse-- and what happens is when a neuron fires, an axon sends chemicals shooting through the gap.
这个极小的缝隙,这个缝隙就叫做突触,当神经元产生神经冲动后,轴突会释放出能够穿透缝隙的化学物质
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Or in some cases they go to the dendrite of the neuron and they kind of put a paste over it so that the neurotransmitters can't connect.
有时这些药物会渗透到神经元的树突,这些药物就像是在树突上涂了一层涂料,使得神经递质无法将树突与轴突相连
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And then if you get a certain number, plus 60 or something, the neuron will fire and it fires along the axon, the thing to the right.
如果达到了一定的数量,比如超过60之类的,神经元便会产生神经冲动,神经冲动沿轴突传递,右边的是轴突
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There are a lot of them about one thousand billion of them and each neuron can be connected to around thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, other neurons.
他们大量存在,大约有上千亿,每个神经元都和其周围上千个,甚至上万个神经元相连接
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