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OK, then we'll get the old price, which we're going to try and remember, and now comes the interesting part.
好了，然后我们就获得了旧的价格，我们要记住这个价格，现在就到了有趣的部分。
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But, I don't know. It's the price that we're living here, I guess.
但这是我们在这里租房的价格，
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I'm gonna keep as part of each stock, it's history of prices, which we can initialize, well, I've initialized it as empty, but that's probably the wrong thing, right?
我会把股票的历史价格，作为每只股票的一部分，我们可以先对它的历史价格进行赋值，好了，我先给它赋了空值，但是这样做可能不对，是吗？
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The oil futures market is very significant because it represents the price of energy on dates into the future.
石油期货市场对我们来说意义重大,因为它代表,未来的能源价格
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We went again to see what was happening in these regions when people considering the products and these prices.
我们在试验中观察的还是受试者,在衡量商品和价格时同样区域的活动。
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So, if we want to get more magnesium into the marketplace at an affordable price, not by government edict, what do we have to do?
所以如果我们想把更多的镁,投诸市场，并让它保持在一个不太昂贵的价格，而且不靠政府法令，我们应该怎样做？
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So we know how prices are set, they're set by the firms, so the next question is where do the quantities come from?
现在我们知道了价格是怎么决定的,它们是由公司决定的,下一个问题是产量怎样得到
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Agriculture subsidies in the European Union affect the politics of subsidies here and that affects the costs of food and what we pay for them at the market.
欧盟对农业的补贴政策影响了,美国的政策,进而影响了食品的价格,而在市场上我们会为此付出代价
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Or the company says, congratulations we're repurchasing 2% of your shares and here's a check for $5 to pay you for those shares.
或者公司说,恭喜您我们要回购,您股票的2%,以每股5美元的价格,付给您的支票
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So even though there's only two firms here, with price competition, identical products, we end up with an outcome that looks exactly like perfect competition, except for the fact there's only two firms.
尽管这里只有两家公司,进行某种产品的价格竞争,我们得到了,和完全竞争非常相似的结果,除了只有两家公司这个事实
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I thought we should try to find out what home prices have done.
我认为我们应该试着了解,房屋价格走向的真实情况
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For companies that we thought had backdated stock options, that we could buy their bonds at what they would trade for without this potential event of default.
对于那些我们认为已经追溯股票期权的公司，我们会在没有潜在违约风险下进行交易的价格,购买他们的债券。
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The general view is that if it's not extreme the rise is not too extreme it's good for the health of the economy as long as we don't have inflation that's too high.
一般的观点是如果它不极端,价格提升不太严重的话,只要我们没有太高的通货膨胀,它就对经济有好处。
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So could you use taxes and subsidies, for example, to raise the price of foods that you think people should be eating less of, and lower the price of things you would like people eating more of?
你能通过税收和补助金的方式来解决吗,例如,抬高那些你觉得大家应该少吃,的食品的价格,降低那些你认为我们,应该多吃的食物的价格
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This is getting a little high-- $550 a share is kind of high because most people will buy--this is part of our tradition.
现在有些偏高,550美元一股的价格很高,因为大部分人会买...我们的习惯是
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In particular, we find that prices in the market are equal to marginal cost.
特别是,我们发现这个市场下的价格等于边际成本
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We can now see the price of oil going out years into the future.
现在我们就可以看得到,未来几年石油的价格
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In many cases that is not the right way to think about futures prices, but there are very important futures markets that--In the next lecture I want to talk about the various kinds of futures markets that matter.
在许多情况下,我们不应该去,分析期货价格,但我们的期货交易市场很重要...,下节课我会讲,各种不同的期货交易市场
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Now, there's the other side of the stock going up and we have to think about how much that can cost us and whether our coupons are enough and whether the difference between the $.60 that we paid is apt to cover that.
现在，如果相反，股票价格上升,那么我们必须考虑这会花费我们多少,以及我们的票息,和我们付出的0。60美元的价格和,是否能够恰好冲抵它。
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We've seen the price of oil, lately, move all over the map. It went up to $100 recently and it was just as late as late 1990s that it was under $20 and people just don't know where it's going to go.
我们都能看到现在石油的价格，一路飙升，最近达到每桶一百美元,而在上世纪九十年代末,每桶石油还不到二十美元0,人们根本无法预想石油价格,还会飙升到什么地步。
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Maybe the company has a $15 equity price $14.8 and will be short $.15 of the equity, which we'll try and keep all the way down.
也许这个公司有价格为15美元的股票,我们会使其价值持续低于，并且努力保持这种状况。
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We would like a model in which firms set prices because for the most part we think firms do set prices not quantities: Not always but for the most part.
我们想要的是一个由公司设定价格的模型,因为在大多数情况下,我们认为公司是设定价格而不是产量,虽然不总是如此,但大多数情况是这样
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In this case, price is $99.58 and what does that equal?
这我们的例子中,价格为99.58美元,等于
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So we're not fixing prices here, we're not even naming price.
我们压根儿都没有提价格的事儿
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We've identified the prices and yields of bonds of various maturities.
我们找出了各种不同期限债券的价格和收益
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To my surprise, nobody had before created a hundred-year long home price index, which seems surprising to me because the long history of home prices seems like a relevant fact; we want to know what markets do.
让我惊讶的是,此前居然没有人建立百年房屋价格指数,这点让我很惊讶,因为长期的历史房屋价格,看起来似乎是有关联的,我们很想知道市场的动向
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So I've got this expression for prices here, here it is, and I want to plug it into that P there.
我们之前已经给出了价格的表达式,用它来代换这里的P
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This strategy set--formally, Let's just simplify it here-- let's assume that for each Firm i they can set their price anything bigger than 0 and anything less than 1, just to keep life simple.
至于策略集合,我们把它简化成,假设每个公司i能,将它们的价格设定为,大于0并且小于1,仅仅为了简化处理
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