It's in that context that most of the observations we encounter in Russian formalism need to be understood.
我们要从形式角度去理解,俄国的形式主义者。
that human life is in some ways essentially different than other forms of life.
那就是人的生命从许多方面来说和其他形式的生命有本质的不同。
And instead of having the electron giving off energy as a photon, instead now the electron is going to take in energy from light and move up to that higher level.
与电子以光子形式施放能量不同,我们现在要从光中,获得能量到一个更高的能级。
So, I have learned a lot from that company and other companies who operate in a similar fashion.
所以我从这个公司和其他,以同样形式运行的公司学到了很多。
What kind of knowledge, if any, can be had from the shattering experiences of revolution or rape, those models of history that I proposed last time?
什么知识能从我上次讲到的,历史形式的的粉碎性的经验里,比如革命或者强奸里获得?
For some, philosophy represents a form of liberation from confusion, from unruly passions and prejudices, from incoherence.
对某些人而言,哲学代表着一种形式,将人从从困惑,任性的激情,偏见,及无厘头中解放出来。
And the ode, too -- the form in which this poem is written is a pagan form invented by the Greek poet Pindar to express the sublimities of emotion arising from a contemplation of the actions of the gods.
而颂歌这首诗的形式,是由希腊抒情诗人品达尔发明,来抒发从思考上帝的行为中,得到的崇高情感。
Who knows? Maybe we'll try on some other occasion, but for the moment I think you can see that in making remarks of this kind about a text one has shifted the attention from meaning to structure.
我们也许会在以后讲到它,谁知道呢,但是我想你们应该已经看出来,我们的重点已经从内容,转移到了形式。
Given that exposure we begin to grasp the forms.
从这一个点起我们开始了解形式。
I might point out that the way the Greeks did their immigration into Asia Minor actually had a pattern so that you can go from north to south and you will find some consistency. Here's what I mean.
我该说明一点,古希腊人移居至小亚细亚,实际上是有一特定形式,因此从北部往南部,你们能发现某些一致性,举个例子来说
And if we were to think about which one of these is better, it turns out that it's the same i in terms of formal charges, so that doesn't help us out.
而如果我们要考虑它们中的哪个更好,结果从形式电荷来看,它们之间没有区别,因此这不能帮我们进行判断。
But I want you to tell me in terms of thinking about formal charge, which Lewis structure would you predict to be the most stable?
但我想让大家告诉我,从形式电荷的角度考虑,你会预测哪一个路易斯结构是最稳定的?
Often a good thing to start with is to put the lowest ionization energy atom in the middle, and if you don't have charge separation then go with that structure, but if you do find you have a lot of separation, such as the case in negative 2, positive 2, and minus 1, then you want to say wait a second, this is really bad in terms of formal charge, let me go ahead and see what other options I have here.
通常一开始把电离能最低的原子,放在中心位置就很好了,如果你发现电荷没有分开,那么这个结构就没问题了,但是如果你发现有很多分开的电荷,比如这种情况,有负二,正二和负一,那么你会想要说等一下,从形式电荷来看这很不好,让我去看看其它可能的选择。
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