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By the way, once again there's a bit of a rift there between Barthes and Foucault. Foucault wouldn't say "quite futile."
顺便说一句，这里巴特和福柯,又有了分歧，巴特不会说“没有希望“
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It's not just a question, as obviously Foucault and Barthes are always suggesting, of deferring to authority as though the authority were the police with a baton in its hand, right?
这不仅仅是一个，如福柯和巴特经常暗示的一样明显的，尊崇作者权威就好像这种权威,是一个手握警棍的警官的问题，对吧？
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This is a term that Bart Ehrman uses in his textbook.
巴特埃尔曼在他的书里用了这个词。
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Our father with Bart in heaven; Harold be they name?
我们在天上的父和巴特,哈罗德是他们的名字吗
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I want to quote from the beginning of Roland Barthes' essay, which I know I only suggested, but I'm simply going to quote the passage so you don't have to have read it, The Death of the Author.
我想引用罗兰，巴特文章开头的几句话，我只是推荐这篇文章，从中引用几句,所以你们不用事先读，这篇文章就是《作者之死》
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Let me just read two texts to that effect, first going back to Roland Barthes on page 877.
让我们读两篇和这个意思大致相同的文章，首先翻回877页罗兰，巴特的文章。
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Barthes says, "Once the Author is removed, the claim to decipher a text becomes quite futile."
巴特说：“一旦作者被移位，那么解读原文就没有希望了“
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Barthes, while writing this--he's writing what has perhaps in retrospect seemed to be his most important book, it's called S/Z.
巴特在创作这篇文章的时候,根据他的回忆这应该是他最重要的一本书，名叫《S\Z》
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So we consider a text as a structured entity, or perhaps as an entity which is structured and yet at the same time that's the case with Roland Barthes.
所以，我们把原文视为一个结构上的实体，或者是作为一个,有结构上的实体同时,这就是罗兰，巴特的例子。
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In other words, the author, the traditional idea of the author -so much under suspicion in the work of Foucault and Barthes in the late sixties--can be turned on its ear.
换言之，有一种传统的看法就是对作者置之不理,六十年代晚期在福柯和巴特的,作品中有那么多疑点。
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But Barthes has entered a phase of his career in which you actually think that structures are so complex that they cease to be structures and that this has a great deal to do with the influence of deconstruction.
但是巴特已经进入了事业的一个阶段,这时你会认为结构非常复杂而不想继续研究结构了,这就对解构主义产生了很大的影响。
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By the same token, there is the work of Roland Barthes and some of his contemporaries--Poulet, whom I mentioned, - Jean Starobinski and others-- that was called in the French press La Nouvelle Critique.
同样的，罗兰巴特的一些作品,还有很多和他同时期的人，比如我们提到过的乔治普莱，让·斯塔罗宾斯基，还有其他人的作品-,也都被当时的法国媒体称为“新批评“
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Who is speaking thus?
巴特说道：“，这是谁说的？
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This is 1969, and the purpose that's alleged for appealing to the author as a paternal source, as an authority, is, according to both Barthes and Foucault, to police the way texts are read.
这是1969年，断言把作者作为一种,父性的资源，一种权威的目的，根据巴特和福柯的说法，是为了监督文本被阅读的方式。
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So that's a shot fired across the bow against the author because it's Barthes' supposition that the author isn't maybe even quite an author function because that function may be hard to identify in a discrete way among myriad other functions.
因而这是对作者的警告,因为巴特推测,作者可能甚至都不是功能性的,因为这种功能可能很难通过分离的方式,在很多其他功能中被辨认出来。
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