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With any innovation, it's important not only to launch it properly but also to consider how to sustain it over time.
对于任何发明，重要的不仅仅是,正确的使用它，还要考虑,怎样维护它。
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So basically, what he wants us to do is redesign this and produce something better and then possibly patent that.
所以，医生希望我们能重新设计这种仪器，发明出更加先进的仪器，有可能的话，还可以申请专利。
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And so, Rutherford had a fellow working in his lab by the name of Geiger. And, Geiger invented a detector.
卢瑟福的一个实验同事,叫做盖革，他发明了一种探测器。
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And so the opportunity and need to invent just like any other startup or entrepreneurial activity remains strong.
因此发明创造的机遇和需要就像,任何创立活动一样，非常重要。
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That's another invention of the 1600s, by the way-- the thermometer. And they learned that concept-- perfectly natural to us--temperature.
顺便说一下,温度计也是十七世纪的发明,那时候的人才刚刚开始理解温度的概念,虽然对我们来说这是个很自然的概念
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And there are lots of solutions that chemists come up with -- there's always new techniques that allow us to do this, and these are just some of the first, and we'll go through them in a little bit of detail here.
的情况下研究或者发现它们,化学家们想出了很多的办法,人们发明新的技术来实现它，这些是最早遇到的一些问题，我们要稍微来,研究下它们的细节。
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Bisection methods were known to the ancient Greeks, and it is believed by many, even to the Babylonians.
二分法由古希腊人所发明,我以前也说过，一直到17世纪二分法都被。
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They do the big step of inventing vowels so that now you don't have to remember anything.
他们在发明元音方面迈出重大一步,所以现在你不必去费力记忆
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It's a fully implantable artificial heart, and it was introduced about seven or eight years ago now.
它是一个完全植入式人工心脏,它是在七八年前发明
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Not only did he formulate laws of gravitation, he also invented calculus and he also learned how to solve the differential equation for calculus.
他不仅找出了引力定律的公式,还发明了微积分,同时也得出了微分方程的解法
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When they created margin rules that the seller had to be borrowing against securities. Just made more money when securities went up more value.
当我们发明保证金制度,卖空证券时需要交担保金,证券升值时能赚到更多钱。
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And through this way behaviorists have developed token economies where they get nonhuman animals to do interesting things for seemingly arbitrary rewards like poker chips.
通过这种方式,行为主义者们发明了代币法,他们用一种特定的类似于扑克筹码的奖励,来训练非人类动物。
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The king was very impressed with the game and said, "How can I reward you?" And the chess player said, " "No, it' OK really."
国王很喜欢这个游戏并说，“我要如何奖赏你？“，象棋发明者说，“不必，真得不用奖赏“
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How does Foucault deal with this? He invents a concept.
那么福柯是怎么处理的呢？，他发明了一个理论。
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Well, and sometimes that "O America" Meant the tinkerer, it meant the inventor, it meant the guy who invented a new kind of sewing machine and took it in for a patent.
有时候这个《啊,美国》,意味着工艺师,意味着发明者,意味着 发明新型缝纫机,并将它申请专利的人
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Well, so I mean, he is... when he invented all the theory about the space time and all this,
嗯，他呢……他发明所有这些空间时间理论的时候，
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There is no border in the West. So Sal has to reinvent one, and in some sense it's a border of time.
西部里本身没有什么分界线，所以萨尔必须新发明一个，他所分的界限可以说按照时间来的。
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And even though it's an imitation, in many ways, the machine that we've developed can operate more than we can ourselves.
虽然只是一个仿制品，在很多年内，这个我们发明的机器能够,比我们做的更多。
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by Montgolfier in the late eighteenth century, and the balloon becomes a sort of symbol of perhaps liberty.
在十八世纪末发明的,而从此热气球也成了某种自由的象征
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So if you want to invent, if you want to innovate, failure is part and parcel with that.
所以如果想要发明，想要创造，失败是不可或缺的。
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It didn't take Karl Marx to invent, or to discover that insight, that the rules of justice are simply the rules of the ruling class.
马克思并未发明，或发现这一独到的见解，意即正义的规则简言之,就是统治阶级的规则。
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And so, maybe somebody in this room working with me will invent such a process.
因此，也许这个房间里和我一起工作的某个人,会发明出这样一种制作方法。
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In our business, you got to be inventing new things because software doesn't wear out, it doesn't break, or at least if it breaks it was broken when you finished it, it doesn't break over time the way physical goods do.
在我们行业，你需要不断发明新事物,因为软件并不会磨损，不会坏，或者至少如果坏了,也是在你运行完之后，它并不像物理上的东西会随着时间磨损。
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Another thing that happened-- ... they started developing-- it's not invented in the nineteenth century, but they started doing standardized forms.
当时还发生了一件事-,人们开始发展-,这不是19世纪发明的，不过他们开始制作标准化格式。
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He urged revival of the slave-trade in the late 1850s, and he developed a theory of what he called warranteeism--w-a-r-r-a-n-t-e-e-I-s-m.
他促成了十八世纪五十年代后期,奴隶交易的复苏,还自己发明了一套理论,名为抵押品主义
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and this is something I'm going to return to on Wednesday actually, behaviorists have provided powerful techniques for training, particularly for nonverbal creatures.
实际上我周三的时候会来讲讲这个，行为主义者们发明了,在训练非言语生物方面，非常有效的训练技术。
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So people started turning these machines they developed on themselves to try to understand how they worked.
人们开始利用自己发明的器械研究人体,试图了解其运作方式
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He says that the Greeks never invented anything, but everything they borrowed they improved upon.
他说希腊实际上从没有发明什么事物,但是对借来的每一种事物都做出了改进
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We have to invent a process, a chemical extraction process that will make the production of magnesium cheaper so that we will have the opportunity to avail ourselves of energy-efficient materials.
我们必须发明出一种方法，一种化学提炼方法,能够使生产镁变得更便宜,那样我们才有机会,让我们自己用上高效能的材料。
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So the inventor of the chess game said, "Ok. What I like is on the first block, first square, I would like one grain of rice.
于是象棋发明者说，“好吧，我希望，在第一个方格上，我想要一粒大米。
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