So either a potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide, these are used in synthesis in terms of making carbon-carbon bonds.

因此无论是氰化钾还是氰化钠，都被用来在合成过程中,制造碳碳键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It's expensive because the process by which we produce it is energy intensive and resource intensive.

它贵是因为我们制造它的,过程消耗了很大的能源,和资源。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Should it be customized, or in other words, made specific for the particular audience or can we create something that is an off-the-shelf product that people can use in many different environments?

应该为特定的受众，量身设计教育过程,还是制造,一种现成的产品,以供人们,在多种不同环境中使用？

麻省理工公开课 - 媒体、教育、市场课程节选

But in terms of drugs that don't look like maybe this compound was used in the synthesis, many of them might have used thionyl chloride, because it generates such a nice reactive intermediate that you can go on and make a bunch of different compounds from that intermediate.

但是对于药物来说,它们可能跟合成过程中用到的这种化合物并不相像，很多药物的制造过程中都会用到亚硫酰氯，因为它能产生活性如此之高的反应中间体,以至于你可以继续利用反应中间体,来制造一堆不同类型的化合物。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Well, if you knew a cell that could serve as a host for a virus, you could use this process of cell culture to make large quantities of virus,right?

如果你知道细胞可以变成病毒的宿主,可以用培养细胞的过程,制造大量病毒,对吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, for example, Wellbutrin, it is very unlikely that it would have thionyl chloride in order to make it, and if thionyl chloride was used at some point in the synthesis, it was not to put that chlorine atom on, it was to put something else on.

比如，安非他酮，用亚硫酰氯来制造它,是不太可能的，而就算在合成过程中的某一阶段用到了亚硫酰氯，它也不会把氯原子加进去，而是把其它东西加进去。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, practitioners who understood what we would know to be chemistry were highly valued in that society. And then, you may expand it to other chemical processes, dyeing of cloth, glassmaking, and metals extraction.

所以，理解我们所知为化学的,先行者们，在那个社会是,非常宝贵的，当时，你可能将其扩展到另一个化学过程，如布料的染色，玻璃的制造，还有金属提取。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, totally avoids the manufacturing processes that are used to produce other vaccines; you got to manufacture DNA instead.

这完全避免了曾经用于,制造其它疫苗的那些生产过程,你只需要制造DNA就行了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's totally synthetic, there's no micro-organism involved in making the DNA for you, You can do it very rapidly in a laboratory, and fairly inexpensively now.

完全是复制的过程,没有任何微生物参与制造DNA,你可以在实验室里迅速地进行,费用现在也相当便宜了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选