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So, saying wave functions within molecules might sound a little confusing, but remember we spent a lot of time talking about wave functions within atoms, and we know how to describe that, we know that a wave function just means an atomic orbital.
说分子内的波函数可能,听着有点容易搞混，但记住我们花了很多时间,讨论了原子中的波函数，而且我们知道如何去描述它，我们知道波函数意味着原子轨道。
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Then we're going to actually use MO theory to describe bonding within these molecules, and we'll start with homonuclear diatomic molecules.
然后我们要利用MO理论,来描述这些分子内的成键，我们要讨论同核双原子分子。
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Of course when molecules get absorbed through the intestinal tract they become part of your internal environment.
当然,分子在被肠道吸收后,就成为身体内环境的一部分
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Probability density of finding an electron within that molecule in some given volume.
在分子内某空间找到,一个电子的概率密度。
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They're small molecules that - whose principal function in the body is to carry signals from one cell in the nervous system to another.
它们都是小分子,在体内主要功能是在,神经系统内将信号,从一个细胞传导到另一个细胞
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They're small molecules, they're lipid soluble, they can go from extracellular to intracellular.
它们是小分子,并且是脂溶性的,它们能从胞外进入胞内
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In general, inside of a cell molecules move by a process called diffusion.
总的来说,细胞内的分子通过扩散作用来移动
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We've talked about one class of molecules, they're transporters that move molecules from inside to outside, or outside to in, that wouldn't ordinarily be transported through a cell membrane.
我们已经讲过一类这样的分子,它们是能够将分子从胞内运至胞外的载体,或者从胞外运至胞内,这个过程不是简单地穿过细胞膜
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We're going to talk a lot about antibodies over the next week or so, but antibodies are specialized proteins that, as you know, are designed to bind to antigens or foreign molecules inside the body.
我们将会在接下来的几周,讲许多关于抗体的内容,抗体是一种特殊蛋白质,众所周知,抗体用于结合身体内的抗原和外源分子
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But they're not accurate all the time in predicting bonding within molecules, and the reason for this is because Lewis structures are not, in fact, based on quantum mechanics.
但它们在预测分子内,成键时不总是正确的，这是因为Lewis结构，实际上不是基于量子力学的。
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So far we've exclusively been using Lewis structures any time we've tried to describe bonding within molecules.
目前为止任何时候我们尝试要,描述分子内的成键,我们都是利用Lewis结构。
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It's really remarkable how far--how fast we have come from just knowing the structure of this molecule to be able to manipulate it and study it in great detail.
我们在短时间内取得了非凡的成就,从最初仅仅知道DNA分子的结构,发展到能够深入研究并加以操控它
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And specifically, MO theory is the quantum mechanical description of wave functions within molecules.
特别的，MO理论是,分子内波函数的描述。
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Restriction enzymes are just a kind of enzyme, enzymes are protein molecules that make a chemical reaction go faster, and the chemical reaction that restriction enzymes do is cutting DNA.
限制性内切酶是一种酶,而酶是加速化学反应的蛋白质分子,限制性内切酶加速的化学反应,是切割DNA
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Well, the way that your immune system recognizes it is that all the cells of our body express a molecule on their surface, a membrane protein called the MHC1 complex.
而免疫系统识别的方法是,身体内所有细胞在其表面表达一种分子,一种叫做MHC1复合体的膜蛋白
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So my goal today is to talk about sort of the basics of the molecules, their chemistry, the function of DNA in cells, sort of basic - the basic side of that.
所以我今天的任务是告诉你们,DNA分子的各种基团,它们的化学结构,细胞内DNA分子的功能
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One of the other things that MHC1 does, in addition to marking yourselves as your own, is that it's capable of making combinations with all the different molecules that are present inside the cell and expressing them on the surface, and sort of showing them to the outside world.
HC1的另一项功能,除了给你标记一个独一无二的标签以外,MHC可以和细胞内所有不同的,分子结合 使其能够呈现在细胞表面,使其暴露于外界
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