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When you call a function, what actually happens is that function gets its own chunk of memory that's identical in size to the data type that it expects.
当你调用一个函数，实际上发生的是,函数得到了自己的内存块，相同的类型,是占有一样大小的内存的。
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And one of the ways you can make a program crash, intentionally or not, is to essentially use up too much memory or call too many functions and what happens is, bam, one hits the other and bad things happen.
其中一个方式能使你的程序崩溃掉，有意或无意的,它本质上使用了太多的内存,或者调用了太多的函数，所发生的，崩掉，一个冲突了另一个，然后发生了坏事情。
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Well, because the memory we've been using for local variables, and for functions, storage space is what computer scientists generally call the stack.
好的，因为我们看到的内存是用于局部变量的，用于函数的，存储空间就是计算机科学家,通常说的堆。
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Well, if that function calls another function, you put another tray on, and so that new tray represents that function's chunk of memory.
好的，如果那个函数调用另一个函数，你再放一个托盘在上面，新的托盘代表,那个函数的内存块。
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So, generally speaking when a function returns the memory that it used gets overwritten or disappears.
那么，通常来说，当一个函数返回的内存,被覆盖了或者消失了。
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Well, if you want to call a function, it's like putting another tray on that stack of trays and that tray represents a chunk of memory that, that function can use.
嗯，如果你想调用一个函数，这就像把一个托盘放到另一个托盘上,托盘代表一块，函数可以使用的内存。
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We don't have to worry about memory disappearing just because my function is done executing.
我们不需要担心内存消失,因为我的函数已经执行了。
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Only the operating system has controlling of byte zero NULL in the computer's RAM and so if a function ever returns null, aka zero, well, something must have gone wrong because that can't possibly belong to me that memory because by human convention zero is owned by the operating system; not by a program I wrote.
只用操作系统在内存中能够控制,字节0，并且如果一个函数返回，或者说0，好的，可能出错了,因为那可能是不属于我的内存,因为惯例上，0是由操作系统拥有的,而不是由我的程序拥有的。
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So, conceptually if you've ever wondered why you get access in all of your functions to global variables that's because they're not down here, they're at the very top of RAM and any function can access that RAM way up there, but for now the interesting player in the story is this thing called the heap.
所以，如果你想知道为什么全局变量能在,所有的函数中使用,那是因为它们不在这下面，而是在内存的顶端,那样任意函数都可以在内存中使用它们，现在，这里面一个有用的角色是,叫做堆的东西。
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Now if you call a function, swap like increment or cube or swap, or in this case, foo, those variables are the parameters to that function, end up getting stored next in memory.
现在如果你调用一个函数，像increment或者cube或者，或者在这个例子里，foo，这些变量都是,函数的参数，在内存中存储。
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But as soon as the most recently called function finishes executing, you have to take that tray off the stack in order to get at the previous function's memory, and once he's done executing, you have to take that one off and then what's left well then main.
但是，一旦新的调用函数结束了执行,你必须从堆中把托盘拿掉,用来获得先前函数的内存，一旦他完成执行，你必须把那一块拿下来,然后剩下的是main函数。
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So down below is generally where main's memory goes.
在底下，通常是main函数使用的内存。
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And, again, the rectangle represents your computer's RAM, the bottom represents the part of RAM that we generally call the stack, main conceptually ends up on the bottom of the stack followed foo by its local variables then the function say foo that it calls and on and on and on and up, but there is, in fact, something above all of this and we've seen this picture briefly and that's this thing called the heap.
再次，矩形表示的是计算机内存，底端表示内存的一部分,通常我们把它叫做堆栈，main函数在,堆栈的底端，之后是,它的局部变量，然后是它调用的函数,等等等等，但是那里有，实际上，在这个上面，我们粗略看看这个图画,这个东西叫做堆。
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