This is Hobbes' answer to Machiavelli's famous call in chapter 25 to master fortuna, to master chance or luck, fortune.
这就是霍布斯对马基雅维利那句有名号召的答案,那个号召在第25章中,说的是要掌控命运,掌控机会,掌控运气,掌控时机。
This provides the moral basis of what I would call Hobbes' humanitarianism and yet that humanitarianism seems to raise further problems.
这提供给我们道德的基础,我把它称作霍布斯的人道主义,但人道主义会引起更进一步的问题。
A couple of other English political philosophers, Hobbs and Locke, applied a similar novelty and modernity to the sphere of politics.
其他的一些英国政治哲学家们,霍布斯和洛克,在政治领域,应用了相似的新理论
Hobbes regarded these passions in many ways as barbaric, as uncivilized and warlike and to some degree he was right.
霍布斯把这些人具有的品质称之为,野蛮的,未开化的和好战的,他的这一论断只有在一定意义上是正确的。
Hobbes insists on the fundamental equality of human beings, who he says are endowed with certain natural and inalienable rights.
霍布斯认为,人类应该是,基本平等的,他认为人类天生就被赋予了,一些自然和不可剥夺的权利。
And that brings me to my final point about our Hobbesian civilization that conceals from us a very uncomfortable truth.
接下来我要讲的,是霍布斯现代文明观的最后一个观点,它将把一个残酷的现实呈现在我们面前。
And Hobbes draws from this startling conclusion, in many ways the infamous conclusion that the sovereign can never act unjustly.
霍布斯从他自己的,这一声名狼藉的结论中得出另一观点,即君主不可能永远做到公正。
For the most part, they are rather impersonal and anonymous and that is in many ways the characteristic of Hobbes' sovereign.
就大多数而言,他们只是公众眼里的无名氏,这才是霍布斯眼里,君主应当具有的特性。
And just as important as the radical churches and the reformed sects is for Hobbes the university and its curriculum.
霍布斯认为和这些改革后的激进教派们,一样重要的东西,是大学以及大学的课程设置情况。
The sovereign is not, for Hobbes, the people or some faction of the people ruling directly in their collective capacity.
对霍布斯来说,君主制不是,个人或者这个人所控制的某个派系,用他们的集体力量直接统治国家。
Perhaps we should airlift copies of Leviathan to them, because that is the issue that Hobbes is fundamentally concerned with.
也许我们可以给他们空投好多份《利维坦》,因为正是这个问题,正是霍布斯关心的基本问题。
But there is more to fear than this, simply fear of death, although Hobbes emphasizes and dramatically perhaps overemphasizes this.
但是远比这恐惧,即对死亡的恐惧,霍布斯很重视,或者可能过度重视了这种恐惧。
Nonetheless, the liberty that subjects enjoy in Hobbes' plan falls in that area that he says the sovereign omits to regulate.
然而,受治者方享受的自由,在霍布斯看来应当是,统治者们未进行管理的那一部分。
The Hobbesian citizen is not likely to be a risk taker, like a George Washington or an Andrew Carnegie.
可以这样说,霍布斯笔下的公民是不可能做冒险家的,就像乔治·华盛顿和安德鲁·卡内基一样。
In the case of Leviathan, I would suggest to you, Hobbes' central question is, ? what makes authority possible?
至于《利维坦》,我要向你们说明,霍布斯的中心问题是,是什么使得权力成为可能?
Hobbes was born in 1588, the year that the English naval forces drove back the invasion of the famous Spanish Armada.
霍布斯出生在1588年,这一年也是英国海军,击退著名的西班牙无敌舰队的一年。
Well, this brings me to some criticisms or at least some questions about Hobbes' conception of the laws of nature.
好,这令我产生了批判的想法,至少是一些关于霍布斯,对于自然法概念的问题。
Let me talk about what Hobbes has to say for us today, we who have in many ways become Hobbes' children.
接下来我要谈谈,霍布斯到底给我们,某种意义上讲,也就是他的继承者,留下了什么。
Let me talk for a while about some of the formal features of Hobbes' sovereign power, of the Hobbesian state.
接下来我要说说,霍布斯关于君主权力和他理想下的国家',应当具有的一些特征。
Hobbes provided us with the definitive language in which even today we continue to speak about the modern state.
霍布斯提供了一种权威性的概念,而直到今天,我们依然用它来描述现代国家。
But most importantly, I think, is to go back to the importance given to the individual in Hobbes' philosophy.
除去前面所述的观点,我们还应当给霍布斯哲学中的,个人主义予以足够的重视。
When Hobbes uses the term "art" there, " "For by art is created," that term is deeply revealing of his purpose.
当霍布斯用“艺术“这个词,“是由艺术造成的,深刻地揭示了他的目的。
Science, or what Hobbes simply calls " by the name "reason," is simply the fullest expression of human artfulness.
科学,或是霍布斯把它称作的,“理性“,正是人类艺术性的完整表达。
But, Hobbes believes it is simpler and easier and therefore more likely to catch the ear of a sympathetic prince.
霍布斯还相信,只有比较简单易懂的书,才更容易引起君王的怜悯之心。
Hobbes is typically concerned with the foundations of this new science, getting the building blocks right from the beginning.
霍布斯特别关注,这门新科学的奠基,从一砖一瓦开始建筑。
A good law," he says in chapter 30, "is that which is needful for the good of the people."
霍布斯在书的第30章说,一部好的法律,对维护人民的福祉是非常必要的“
But the Hobbesian point, the paradox being that the Hobbesian bourgeois cannot entirely dispense with the barbarian, even in its own midst.
这就是霍布斯的悖论,他的资产阶级不可能完全免于野蛮人的挑战,甚至这挑战就来自于资产阶级的内部。
Hobbes in the Hobbesian doctrine of sovereignty, or the Hobbesian sovereign, to have a complete monopoly of power within his given territory.
在他的君主学说,或是霍布斯式的君主论中,霍布斯认为,在特定的领土中,存在着一种绝对的权利。
In that chapter, chapter 46, Hobbes writes: "There is nothing so absurd that the old philosophers have not some of them maintained.
在这一章里,第46章,霍布斯写道:,“世界上没有任何事情会荒谬到,连老哲学家中也没有人支持的。
What is Hobbes' individual? Hobbes conceived us through a process of abstraction from the web of attachments in which we find ourselves.
霍布斯的个体观念是什么呢?霍布斯,通过抽离我们给自己定位的关系大网,的过程告诉了我们。
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