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How does that fit in with your esteemed chair of the Louis Center of the Arts and Pulitzer Prize winning poet?
对于一名路易斯艺术中心主任，普利策奖,获得者，摇滚和您这些身份是否符合？
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My other roommate is named Cooper Lewis, who is actually going to play Hamlet in that production.
我的另一个室友叫库伯·路易斯，他会在那场戏剧演出中扮演哈姆雷特。
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So, what will start with on Monday is doing the most simple example of methane using these Lewis structure rules.
因此，下周一上课,我们会先以最简单的例子--甲烷开始,使用这些路易斯结构的规则。
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How long was the phrase that Louis Armstrong played?
路易斯·阿姆斯特演奏的乐句有多长呢
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His daughter, Louise, is by now a college sophomore.
他的女儿，路易斯，现在是大学二年级学生。
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Well, first of all, let's look at the Lewis structure.
好，首先，我们看看它的路易斯结构。
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And a couple of the communards-- one is a woman that you'll read about later, called Louise Michel, who spends half her time in exile in London, who was an anarchist, basically, was very important, along with Elisabeth Dmitrieff.
巴黎公社中的一些社员,你们之后会在阅读材料中读到她,她叫路易斯·米歇尔,她半辈子的时间都被放逐于伦敦,她是无政府主义者,更关键的是因为,她与伊丽莎白·德米特里耶夫的观点一致
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So now that we have enough practice drawing Lewis structures let's talk about actually figuring out this formal charge.
那么现在我们已经做了足够多的画路易斯结构的练习,让我们来讨论一下如何得出形式电荷。
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So he came up with the ideas that led to the idea of Lewis structures in the very early 1900's.
他就提出了这个想法,进而发展出了路易斯结构在二十世纪初。
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So we'll talk specifically about drawing Lewis structures and then about formal charge and resonance, which are within Lewis structures.
因此我们会专门讲一讲,如何来画路易斯结构,然后再讨论形式电荷与共振论，它们也属于路易斯结构的范畴。
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All right. So let's think about how to draw the oh, actually, let me let you tell me how we should start this Lewis structure.
好，那么我们来想一想应该怎么画,噢，实际上，我想让大家来告诉我,我们应该怎么开始画这个路易斯结构。
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So, if we use those two tips to try to figure out a structure, a skeletal structure, we would get this structure here if we write out the full Lewis structure.
那么，如果我们用这两个小窍门来,尝试写出它的结构，骨架结构，我们将会得到这样的结构,如果我们把完整的路易斯结构画出来的话。
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Step three in our Lewis structure rules is to figure out how many electrons we would need in order for every single atom in our molecule to have a full valence shell.
路易斯结构规则的第三步是,找出让分子中每个原子的价壳层,都排满应该需要多少个价电子。
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And the last thing we do for any of our structures to check them and figure out are these valid or not valid, are these good Lewis structures is to check the formal charge.
而为了检验任何一个结构是否有效,看它们是不是好的路易斯结构,我们要做的最后一件事就是检查形式电荷。
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So, let's go ahead and draw our Lewis structure based on the rest of the rules now that we have a skeleton.
那么，让我们继续画我们的路易斯结构,看看在得到骨架之后还有哪些规则。
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So this is the idea of the octet rule that Lewis came up with way back in 1902.
这就是所谓的八隅体规则,是路易斯在，1902，年提出来的。
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But what really happens is as you go on in chemistry, you draw so many of these you can just draw them without following the rules.
但是随着你在化学上的深入，你会画很多路易斯结构,以至于你可以不用管这些规则就能直接画出来。
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So, our second step, as we go through our Lewis structure rules, is to figure out how many valence electrons we have in our entire molecule.
那么，我们的第二步，按照路易斯结构的规则，应该是判断在整个分子中,包含多少个价电子。
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And I mean this means way past all the chemistry they've taken, they're now graduate students or they're now professors, and they're still writing out Lewis structures.
我想说的是这意味着尽管他们早就学完了所有的化学，他们现在都已经是研究生甚至是教授了，但他们依然在不断地写路易斯结构。
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So, to do this, what I'm going to do is introduce the topic of Lewis structures.
那么，了做到这一点，我将开始介绍,路易斯结构。
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All right, so this is the same procedure that we're going to go through, regardless of what kind of Lewis structure we're going to draw.
好的，这就是我们画路易斯结构,所需要完成的步骤，不管什么样的路易斯结构都要这样做。
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We're going to really get into this next class, but I just want to introduce it to you to give us a start, and many of you have used Lewis structures in high school, but we'll be doing some much more challenging Lewis structures, I can assure you, in this class here.
其实我们下节课才会详细介绍它，但是今天我只想以简单介绍作为开始，大部分同学在高中就用过路易斯结构了，但是我们会遇到一些更具挑战性的,路易斯结构，我可以向大家保证，在这门课中会的。
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A lot of the examples that we're going to give you in terms of trying out your Lewis structures will be molecule that are used in organic synthesis, or maybe they're molecules that react in interesting ways with biomolecules in your body or proteins in your body.
很多我们将要用来,训练路易斯结构的例子,都是在有机合成中用到的分子，也有可能是那些在你体内的生物分子,或者蛋白质中发生有趣反应的分子。
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- So what we're seeing is this is notes from 1902 -- he actually didn't publish any of this work or these ideas that led to Lewis structures until 1916, but his early class notes were used as evidence about how long ago he actually came up with the idea of it.
我们看到的这是，1902，年的讲义-,实际上他直到1916年才发表这些工作或者想法,后来发展成为了路易斯结构，但他早年上课的讲义却成为了他在多久之前,就产生了这个想法的证据。
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So remember, that when we talked about Lewis structure, the organizing principle behind Lewis structures is the idea that within the molecule the atoms are going to arrange their valence electrons, such that each atom within the molecule has a complete octet or full outer shell.
记得，当我们讨论路易斯结构的时候，路易斯结构所遵循的组织原则是这样一种思路,那就是分子中的原子都倾向于,重新安排它们的价电子,使得分子有一个完整的,“八隅体“或者排满的外壳层。
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It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.
它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。
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And also I wanted to mention in terms of checking your Lewis structures, regardless of what they are, you should always go back and I had 10, and then count 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, because you always need to make sure you have the same number of valence electrons that you calculated in your actual structure.
我还想提一点关于检查,你的路易斯结构的建议，不管它们是什么，你总是应该回去检查一下,我有十个，然后数一数，二，四，六，八，十个，因为你总是需要确保实际价电子的数量,与你在结构中算出的数量相等。
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We don't always want to go and solve the Schrodinger equation, and in fact, once we start talking about molecules, I can imagine none of you, as much as you love math or physics, want to be trying to solve this Schrodinger equation in that case either. So, what Lewis structures allow us to do is over 90% of the time be correct in terms of figuring out what the electron configuration is.
我们并不想每次都去解薛定谔方程，而且实际上，一旦我们开始讨论分子，我可以想象,你们中没有一个人，不管你有多么热爱数学或物理，会想去解这种情况下的薛定谔方程,总之，路易斯结构能让我们,有超过，90%，的概率判断出正确的,电子排布。
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So in terms of remaining valence electrons we have 12, so we can finish off each of our Lewis structures, so that's our first structure there, and our second structure there.
那么关于剩下的价电子，我们有十二个，因此我们可以完成这两个路易斯结构了，那么这是我们的第一个结构，而那是我们的第二个结构。
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It's Louis Armstrong and we'll talk more about Louis Armstrong as we proceed here.
这是路易斯·阿姆斯特朗的作品,我们会边听边讨论路易斯·阿姆斯特朗
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