Is there some feature that the physicalist can't explain and so we need to appeal to something extra-physical to explain it?
是否存在物理主义者不能解释的这种特性,使得我们不得不诉诸于,某些超物理的东西来解释
You know again, if somebody wants to resort to liposuction or some form of surgery
如果有些人想诉诸于通过吸脂或者其他手术
And then, if we were to appeal to something nonphysical, we would do a better job of explaining.
而如果我们诉诸于非物理的方式,就能解释得更好
Maybe we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain what animates the body.
也许我们需要诉诸灵魂,来解释,什么赋予肉体以生命
The appeal to intuition, thinking about these cases doesn't seem to take us very far.
思考一下这些案例,诉诸直觉对我们似乎帮助不大。
In order to explain life, we have to appeal to something more than just atoms.
要解释生命,我们必须诉诸原子以外的其他东西
Suppose somebody says, "Look, it's true that we don't need to appeal to souls in order to explain why bodies move around in a nonrandom fashion.
假如有人说,听着,我承认我们不需要诉诸,灵魂来解释,为何肉体能以非随机的形式移动
Some fact about us that calls out for explanation, and the claim on the part of the dualists was, we couldn't explain it without appealing to a soul.
有些关于我们的事实需要解释,而二元论者的主张是,如果不诉诸灵魂,我们就无法解释这些
The dualist can explain that by appealing to ghosts and the like.
二元论者可以诉诸鬼魂之类的来解释
We started with the idea you needed to appeal to souls in order to roughly explain why human bodies move, why we're animated or why we move in nonrandom ways.
一开始,我们诉诸于灵魂这样一个概念,是为了解释,为何人类的肉体能移动,为何我们有生命力,为何我们能够非随机性的运动
If that's right, if that's the right thing to say, then what we have to say is, "We don't need to appeal to souls in order to explain emotions and feelings.
如果这是正确的,如果这种说法正确,那么,我们不得不说,我们不需要诉诸灵魂来,解释情感和感觉
The physicalist says we don't need to appeal to anything as extravagant as a soul in order to explain the fact that bodies don't just move randomly, but they move in purposeful ways that are controlled.
物理主义认为,我们并不需要诉诸任何,像灵魂那样夸张的东西来解释,为什么肉体不会随机乱动,而是在控制下进行的有目的的活动
So attempts to dismiss the appeal to near- death experiences on what we might call philosophical grounds-- this would be the bad notion of philosophy-- on philosophical grounds, I think that's got to be misguided.
因此想要在哲学基础上,驳回这种诉诸濒死体验,这可不是一个好的哲学观,从哲学基础上来看,我想那是不明智的
Although we need to offer a story about what makes the parts work when they're connected with each other and interacting in the right way, there's no need to appeal to anything beyond the physical.
尽管我们还需要探讨,是什么因素,使得各部分在正确的连接方式下,可以正常工作,但无需诉诸于物质之外的事物
So let's ask ourselves, "Are there things that we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain these things about us?"
所以让我们扪心自问,有没有这样的现象,需要我们诉诸于灵魂,才能对其作出合理的解释
Even though they're ordinary and familiar, it still could turn out that we need to appeal to souls in order to explain them.
虽然我们对其早已司空见惯,但还是需要,诉诸灵魂来解释它们
Of course, there are various other things we could appeal to in terms of supernatural occurrences, right?
当然,还有很多其他的东西,我们可以诉诸,超自然事件,不是吗
Again, our question was, "Do we need to appeal to souls to explain something about us?"
我们的问题是,我们是否需要诉诸灵魂来解释我们自己
Suppose we say, "You need to appeal to the soul in order to explain not just that the body moves around, flails, but the body acts purposefully."
比如说,你需要诉诸灵魂以解释,肉体不仅能够活动,无意识地手舞足蹈,还能有目的性地运动
This tightly connected set of facts about us-- beliefs, desires, reasoning, strategizing, planning-- you need to appeal to a soul"-- so the argument goes--; "You need to appeal to a soul to explain that.
这些与我们自身联系紧密的东西,信仰,欲望,论证,谋略,规划,非得诉求灵魂才能解释,这个论点于是变成这样,你需要诉诸灵魂来解释这些
To explain the fact that we've got free will, so the objection goes, we have to appeal to-- we have to posit--the existence of a soul, something non-physical, something more than purely physical.
要解释我们有自由意志这一事实,反驳者会说,我们不得不诉诸,或者假定灵魂存在,这里提到的灵魂是非物质并超出物质的东西
The best explanation appeals to the soul."
而最佳的解释是诉诸灵魂的
As I said, we've been considering different kinds of arguments for the existence of a soul, each of which appeals to some feature about us-- our creativity, our ability to feel, the fact that we have a qualitative aspect of experience, our ability to reason-- what have you.
我说过,我们考察了各种各样,证明灵魂存在的论证,每一种都诉诸我们的某种特性,我们的创造性,我们的感知能力,当然还有我们定性方面的经验,我们推理的能力,诸如此类的
Depending on what F you fill in the blank with, what pet feature or fact you're trying to explain by appeal to the soul, you get a different argument.
根据你所挑选的不同功能特性F,以及你试图解释的现象或事实,诉诸于灵魂来进行解释,你会得到不同的论点
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