So, the antigen we're thinking about is a vaccine particularly designed to elicit immune response against a pathogen.

我们现在考虑的这种抗原,是一种特别设计的疫苗,它能够诱发免疫效应以消灭病原体

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This is commonly used in the immune system as well, but it's a way of amplifying a signal.

免疫系统也常使用这种方法,但这主要是一种放大信号的方式

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But because of the similarity of the viruses, the immune response that people developed would also protect them against natural infections with variola.

因为这两种病毒很相像,人体的免疫应答也能保护自己,免受天花的感染

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So, this is an immune response that doesn't have to be activated and we're used to thinking about immune responses that have to be activated.

所以 这是一种不必激活的免疫反应,我们曾认为免疫反应都需要激活

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There are two types of adaptive immune responses and they're called humoral immune responses.

获得性免疫反应有两类,一种是体液免疫反应

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That's why you need two kinds of immune responses.

这就是你需要两种免疫反应的原因

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So, these memory cells are a way that your immune system keeps track of antigens that it's been exposed to for even if maybe the plasma cells that were producing antibody in response to the initial exposure have died and disappeared.

所以,这些记忆细胞,是人体免疫系统记忆抗原的一种方法,即使由浆细胞产生的抗体,在初次免疫应答中全部被消灭,记忆细胞仍然能迅速分化为抗体分泌细胞

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So, that's antigen presentation to this population of cells called cytotoxic T-cells, Tc, a subset of the class of T-cells in the immune system.

这些细胞被呈递给另一种细胞,这些细胞被称为细胞毒性T细胞,是免疫系统中T淋巴细胞的亚群中的一种

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Another important class of antibodies is called IgM.

另一种重要的抗体是免疫球蛋白M

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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.

免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体

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If you looked later, as the antibody production response matures, some IgG is produced so that in the late period after initial priming you'd have a mixture of IgM and IgG in the blood.

如果你稍后再观察,等到产生抗体的应答趋于成熟后,就会产生一些IgG抗体,在初次免疫的最终阶段,你的血液中有IgM,和IgG两种抗体

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Then those antigens get expressed with MHC just like they did in all the other cells inside the host, but particular cells of the innate immune system have a different kind of MHC called MHC2.

这些抗原同MHC共表达,就如同抗原在其他宿主细胞中那样,但先天免疫系统有一类特殊的免疫细胞,具有一种称为MHC2的不同MHC

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